From Charge to Spin and Spin to Charge: Stochastic Magnets for Probabilistic Switching
From Charge to Spin and Spin to Charge: Stochastic Magnets for Probabilistic Switching
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DOI：
10.1109/jproc.2020.2966925
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发表时间：
2020-08-01
影响因子：
20.6
通讯作者：
Appenzeller, Joerg
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Camsari, Kerem Y.;Debashis, Punyashloka;Appenzeller, Joerg
随着摩尔定律的快速发展速度放慢，“重新发明晶体管”的活动愈演愈烈。一种新兴的模式是用新的功能来补充现有的互补金属氧化物半导体(CMOS)技术，而不是寻找替代它的替代技术。在这篇文章中，我们讨论了这样一种补充方法，我们称之为基于概率或p比特概念的概率自旋逻辑(PSL)。P比特在0和1之间波动，可以想象在0或1的确定性比特和0和1的叠加的量子比特之间。由P比特构建的互连电路(P电路)可以广泛用于机器学习和量子计算，以解决传统CMOS可能不是特别适合的问题。虽然这样的p比特可以使用标准的cmos技术实现，但我们将展示纳米磁铁的固有物理特性可以通过使用低势垒磁隧道结(MTJ)自然地提供节能和可扩展的p比特实现。在这篇文章中，我们提供了p比特和p电路的一般描述，并讨论了它们的应用。我们从物理/器件/电路的角度回顾了利用纳米磁铁固有的随机性来构建p比特和p电路的实验进展。具体地说，我们确定了可在不同组合中使用以构建功能p位和p电路的“写”和“读”操作的构建块。最后，我们讨论了PSL作为一种新兴的、非传统的计算范例在超越CMOS时代的前景和挑战。
As the rapid pace of Moore's Law has been slowing down, there has been intense activity to "reinvent the transistor." An emerging paradigm is to complement the existing complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology with new functionalities, rather than finding a drop-in replacement for it. In this article, we discuss such a complementary approach that we call probabilistic spin logic (PSL) based on the concept of a probabilistic or p-bit. p-bits fluctuate between 0 and 1 and can be imagined in between deterministic bits that are either 0 or 1 and quantum bits that are a superposition of 0 and 1. Interconnected circuits built out of p-bits (p-circuits) can be broadly useful for machine learning and quantum computing in the solution of problems that conventional CMOS may not be particularly suited for. Although such p-bits can be implemented using standard CMOS technology, we will show that the inherent physics of nanomagnets can naturally provide an energy efficient and scalable p-bit implementation through the use of low-barrier magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs). In this article, we provide a general description of p-bits and p-circuits and discuss their applications. We review experimental progress toward constructing p-bits and p-circuits exploiting the inherent stochasticity of nanomagnets, from a physics/device/circuits perspective. In particular, we identify building blocks for "write" and "read" operations that can be used in different combinations to construct functional p-bits and p-circuits. Finally, we discuss the prospects and challenges of PSL as an emerging, unconventional computing paradigm for a beyond CMOS era.