A new cervical nerve root avulsion model using a posterior extra-vertebral approach in rats.
A new cervical nerve root avulsion model using a posterior extra-vertebral approach in rats.
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DOI：
10.1186/1749-7221-8-8
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发表时间：
2013-09-11
影响因子：
0.7
通讯作者：
Matsuda S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Noguchi T;Ohta S;Kakinoki R;Kaizawa Y;Matsuda S
神经根撕脱伤引起脊髓前角运动神经元减少。为了研究大鼠撕脱伤后运动神经元的死亡，通常采用硬膜内根撕脱术，尽管该手术技术要求高，且有意外脊髓损伤的风险。我们开发了一种新的大鼠颈神经根撕脱术，并对该手术的有效性进行了研究。我们的手术采用后路，在椎孔外牵拉C6神经根，无需硬膜内手术。在拉动神经根之前，需要切除外侧肿块的外侧三分之一。我们的手术的完成是通过确认撕脱的神经根分叉残端和从椎孔漏出的脊髓液来判断的。首先取4只SD大鼠，观察正常脊髓C6运动神经元的分布。将40只SD大鼠分为4组，观察运动神经元的存活率。(A)硬膜内撕脱组，(B)硬膜内根切开术组，(C)椎外撕脱组，(D)椎外破裂组。另取26只SD大鼠进行椎外撕脱术后脊髓组织形态学变化检查。损伤后28 D， A组运动神经元存活率（39.0±2.1%）和C组（47.5±7.1%）显著低于B组（77.1±12.3%）和D组（98.9±9.9%）。与其他组相比，我们的手术更简单，并且与较少的意外脊髓损伤相关。尽管椎外撕脱的腹侧小根远端残端长度在1.5 ~ 3.2 mm之间，但这种差异并不影响运动神经元的死亡。椎外撕脱伤表现为沿运动神经元轴突的椎内出血、神经胶质反应和腹角病变侧巨噬细胞浸润。我们的椎外撕脱术操作简单，可重复性好。为颈椎神经根撕脱伤的研究提供了有益的工具。
The nerve root avulsion injury causes decrease of motor neurons in the spinal ventral horn. To investigate the motoneuron death after avulsion injury in rats, the intradural root avulsion procedure is usually used, although it is technically demanding and associated with a risk of unexpected spinal cord damage. We have developed a new cervical nerve root avulsion procedure in rats and investigated the validity of our procedure. Our procedure is using a posterior approach and pulling the C6 nerve root outside the vertebral foramen without intradural procedures. The lateral third of the lateral mass is needed to be resected before pulling the nerve root. The accomplishment of our procedure is judged by confirmation of the bifurcated stump of the avulsed nerve root and the leakage of the spinal fluid from vertebral foramen. At first, four Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were used for the examination of C6 motor neuron distribution in the normal spinal cord. Then, 40 SD rats were divided into following four groups and the survival rate of motor neuron was examined. (A) an intradural avulsion group, (B) an intradural rhizotomy group, (C) our extravertebral avulsion group, and (D) an extravertebral rupture group. Another 26 SD rats were used for the examination of histomorphorogic changes in the spinal cord after our extra-vertebral avulsion procedure. At 28 days after injury, the percentage of surviving motor neurons in groups A (39.0 ± 2.1%) and C (47.5 ± 7.1%) were significantly lower than those in groups B (77.1 ± 12.3%) and D (98.9 ± 9.9%). Compared with other groups, our procedure was easier and associated with less unexpected spinal cord damage. Although the length of the distal stump of the extravertebrally avulsed ventral rootlets was varied between 1.5 and 3.2 mm, this difference did not affect motoneuron death. The extravertebral avulsion injury showed intraspinal bleeding along the motoneuron axons, glial reaction and macrophage infiltration in the lesioned side of the ventral horn. Our extravertebral avulsion procedure is simple and reproducible. It would become a useful tool for the study of cervical nerve root avulsion injury.