Building damage associated with geotechnical problems in the 2011 Tohoku Pacific Earthquake
Building damage associated with geotechnical problems in the 2011 Tohoku Pacific Earthquake
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DOI：
10.1016/j.sandf.2012.11.014
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发表时间：
2012-10
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
K. Tokimatsu;S. Tamura;H. Suzuki;Kota Katsumata
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. Tokimatsu;S. Tamura;H. Suzuki;Kota Katsumata
根据地震后的现场勘察，对2011年东北太平洋地震中的建筑物破坏的岩土方面进行了概述。结果表明：（1）东京湾沿岸和利根川漫滩周围沿着发生了广泛的土壤液化。液化主要发生在相对较新的填海区域，有许多砂沸和高达60 cm的大地面沉降，并伴有由扩展基础支撑的木制和钢筋混凝土建筑物的沉降/倾斜。损坏的程度和分布受当地土壤情况影响，包括填海填土的厚度和年龄、至基岩的深度或天然场地的年限、是否已采取防止土壤液化的补救措施，以及结构-土壤-结构相互作用的影响。(2)在仙台的丘陵住宅区，许多房屋采用挖填法建造，不仅由于挡土墙的倒塌，而且由于填土中的边坡破坏而受到严重破坏。结果表明，大多数边坡破坏发生在填土上。(3)不仅在东北地区，而且在关东平原，几座桩基建筑物倾斜和沉降，这意味着桩基受损。这些建筑物周围的地面沉降和砂沸表明，土壤液化可能在加剧破坏方面发挥了重要作用。(4)在女川和陆前高田，有几座钢铁和钢筋混凝土结构被海啸巨浪击倒，可能是在桩基受损后。大部分桩损坏集中在（a）桩帽和桩本身之间的接头处和（B）桩头附近。遭受这种破坏的建筑物是旧的;显然，它们的桩基础不是设计来抵御地震的。
An overview of the geotechnical aspects of the building damage due to the 2011 Tohoku Pacific Earthquake is presented, based on field reconnaissance made after the earthquake. It is shown that (1) Extensive soil liquefaction occurred along the coast of Tokyo Bay and around the floodplain of the Tonegawa River. Liquefaction was primarily found within the relatively newly reclaimed area, with numerous sand boils and large ground settlements up to 60 cm, accompanied by the settlement/tilting of wooden and reinforced concrete buildings supported by spread foundations. The extent and the distribution of the damage were significantly affected by the local soil conditions, including the thickness and the age of the reclaimed fills, the depth to the bedrock or the natural site period, and whether remedial measures had been taken against soil liquefaction, as well as the effects of structure–soil–structure interaction. (2) Numerous houses in Sendai's hilly residential areas constructed with the cut-and fill method were badly damaged not only by the simple collapse of retaining walls, but also by slope failures in the fills. It was found that most of the slope failures occurred on earth fills. (3) Several pile-supported buildings tilted and settled not only in the Tohoku region, but also on the Kanto plain, implying damage to pile foundations. Ground subsidence with sand boils around those buildings suggests that soil liquefaction might have played a significant role in intensifying the damage. (4) Within Onagawa and Rikuzen-Takata, several steel and reinforced concrete structures were knocked over by tsunami surges, probably after having suffered damage to their pile foundations. Much of the pile damage was concentrated (a) at the joints between pile caps and the piles themselves and (b) near the pile heads. The buildings suffering such damage were old; apparently their pile foundations were not designed to withstand earthquakes.