A deterministic ecological risk assessment for copper in European saltwater environments
A deterministic ecological risk assessment for copper in European saltwater environments
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DOI：
10.1016/s0025-326x(98)00164-7
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发表时间：
1999-03-01
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Anderson, RD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hall, LW;Anderson, RD
本研究的目的是对欧洲地表水（咸水）中铜的水生生态风险进行确定性评估。危害商（HQ）方法定义为观察环境浓度(OEC)/预测无影响浓度（PNEC）来衡量风险。危害系数大于1表明存在生态风险和/或需要进行额外的分析（概率分析）或数据收集。OEC值中使用的溶解铜浓度主要来自地中海、波罗的海和北海地区，包括在码头/港口进行的8项研究、在河口进行的10项研究和在公海地区进行的22项研究中测量的铜浓度。在大多数情况下，计算单个测量值的几何平均值来表示预期在该地点出现的溶解铜的典型浓度。在集合码头/港口、河口、沿海/公海和所有地点，溶解铜浓度的总体几何平均值分别为1.53、1.49、0.68和1.07 μ g/l。码头/港口、河口和远海/沿海的站型平均值分别为16、5.48和5.56 μ g/l。这些铜暴露数据是关于总溶解铜的，反映了所有铜来源对铜的贡献，如地壳的自然侵蚀、采矿和冶炼、市政和工业废水、农药和防污涂料。PNEC使用的生态效应数据是从急性研究中测试的65种咸水物种（5种植物、36种底栖动物、8种浮游动物和16种鱼类）中确定的。所有物种的急性第5百分位（PNEC）为5.6 μ g/l（保护水平95%）。在101个站点中，只有3个站点的危险系数大于1。这三个监测站都位于希腊萨罗尼克湾或法国阿拉孔湾的码头地区。这项风险评估的结果表明，在欧洲咸水环境中，急性溶铜暴露造成生态风险的可能性一般较低。1999爱思唯尔科学有限公司版权所有。
The objective of this study was to conduct a deterministic aquatic ecological risk assessment of copper in surface waters (saltwater) of Europe. A Hazard Quotient (HQ) approach defined as the Observed Environmental Concentration (OEC)/Predicted No Effect Concentration (PNEC) was used to measure risk. Hazard Quotiernts greater than one suggest ecological risk and/or the need for additional analysis (probabilistic analysis) or data collection. The dissolved copper concentrations used fbr the OEC values came mainly from areas of the Mediterranean Sea, the Baltic Sea, and the North Sea and consisted of measured copper concentrations from eight studies in marinas/harbors, ten studies in estuaries, and twenty-two studies in open sea regions. In a majority of cases, the geometric mean of the individual measurements was calculated to represent the typical concentration of dissolved copper expected to occur at that site. The overall geometric means of dissolved copper concentrations we re 1.53, 1.49, 0.68 and 1.07 mu g/l for pooled marinas/harbors, estuaries, coastal/open sea, and all sites, respectively. Maximum mean values by station type were 16, 5.48 and 5.56 mu g/l for marina/harbors, estuaries and open sea/coastal areas, respectively. These copper exposure data are for total dissolved copper and reflect copper contributions from all sources of copper such as natural erosion of earth crust, mining and smelting, municipal and industrial wastewater effluents, pesticides, and antifouling paints. The ecological effects data used far the PNEC were determined from 65 saltwater species (five plants; 36 benthos; 8 zooplankton; and 16 fish) tested in acute studies. The acute 5th percentile (PNEC) for all species (protection level of 95%) was 5.6 mu g/l. Hazard Quotients greater than one were only reported for 3 of 101 stations. All three stations were located in marina areas of either Saronic Gulf of Greece or Arachon Bay of France. Results from this risk assessment demonstrate that the probability of ecological risk from acute dissolved copper exposures in European saltwater environments is generally low. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.