The pros, cons, and unknowns of prophages in the mammalian gut.
The pros, cons, and unknowns of prophages in the mammalian gut.
复制标题
哺乳动物肠道中原噬菌体的优点、缺点和未知之处。
DOI：
10.1002/bies.202300096
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Hsu,BryanB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hsu,BryanB
我们对温带噬菌体（“噬菌体”）的微生态学及其对细菌的意义了解多少？非常少。尽管温带噬菌体的体外研究带来了分子生物学的基础性发现[1]，但使用受控的实验室条件忽略了自然环境中通常存在的无数因素。随着对人类相关微生物组的生物医学意义的更加认识，我们有令人兴奋的机会来提高我们对温带噬菌体（无论是作为游离病毒颗粒还是作为基因组整合的原噬菌体）如何影响目标细菌、微生物群落和整个生态系统的理解。微生物组的细胞成分通常是研究的主要主题。在哺乳动物的肠道中，有一系列令人眼花缭乱的细菌、古细菌和真菌，它们在这个密集的环境中生活和竞争，其中的扰动可能会给宿主带来巨大的后果。除了组成之外，影响宿主健康的肠道微生物组特征还包括代谢途径、毒力因子和抗生素耐药性[2]，这凸显了细菌功能的重要性。溶原菌（含有原噬菌体的细菌）在肠道中普遍存在，可以影响细菌宿主的功能。这些原噬菌体对于肠道微生物组和哺乳动物宿主有何意义？
What do we know about the microecology of temperate bacteriophages (“phages”) and their significance for bacteria? Remarkably little. Although the in vitro study of temperate phages led to foundational discoveries in molecular biology [1], using controlled laboratory conditions omits myriad factors that are typically found in the natural environment. With a greater appreciation for the biomedical significance of human-associated microbiomes, there are exciting opportunities to improve our understanding of how temperate phages, both as free viral particles and as genomically-integrated prophages, can influence the targeted bacteria, the microbial community, and the overall ecosystem.The cellular constituents of microbiomes are often the primary subjects of study. In the mammalian gut, there is a dizzying array of bacteria, archaea, and fungi that live and compete in this dense environment where perturbations can have dramatic consequences for the host. In addition to composition, gut microbiome characteristics that can impact the host health include metabolic pathways, virulence factors, and antibiotic resistances [2], which highlights the importance of bacterial function. Lysogens—prophage containing bacteria—are prevalent in the gut and can influence the functional capabilities of their bacterial hosts. What is the significance of these prophages for the gut microbiome and the mammalian host?