Really effective (for 15% of the men): Lessons in understanding and addressing user needs in climate services from Mali
Really effective (for 15% of the men): Lessons in understanding and addressing user needs in climate services from Mali
复制标题
确实%20有效%20（对于%2015%%20of%20the%20men）：%20Lessons%20in%20understanding%20and%20addressing%20user%20needs%20in%20climate%20services%20from%20Mali
DOI：
10.1016/j.crm.2017.03.002
复制
发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
S. Onzere
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Edward R. Carr;S. Onzere
长期以来，气候服务一直被视为具有巨大潜力的发展工具，可以降低南半球农业社区的风险和脆弱性并增强抵御能力（Dessai 等人，2009 年；Fröde 等人，2013 年；Pervin 等人，2013 年；美国国际开发署全球气候变化办公室，2014 年）。基于气候服务的工具（例如基于天气的指数保险）的不断开发和完善，通过建立新形式的安全网、加强现有安全网以及支持风险管理机制的总体改进，为稳定和保护人民生计提供了机会（Carter et al., 2014；Hess and Syroka, 2005；Jensen et al., 2015；Mburu et al., 2015）。例如，气候咨询和信息为农民管理气候相关风险提供了机会（Boyd 等，2013；Carr 等，2015c；Hansen，2012；Hellmuth 等，2011；Ingram 等，2002），例如支持农民做出集约化生产、投资新技术或在不利情况下采取措施保护其家庭和生计的决策。预测（Carr 等人，2015a，Carr 等人，2015c，Hansen，2012）。气候服务界最初主要关注提供气候信息，特别是侧重于识别和/或预测特定用户所面临的天气和气候冲击和压力的信息（有关讨论，请参见 Carr 和 Owusu-Daaku，2016 年；Hansen 等人，2009 年；Millner 和 Washington， 2011，Roncoli，2006，Shankar 等人，2011）。这些挑战与农业生态环境广泛相关（Akponikpè 等人，2010；Carr 等人，2015c；Ingram 等人，2002；Leclerc 等人，2013；Patt 等人，2005；Phillips 等人，2002；Roncoli 等人，2009；Silvestri 等人， 2012）和目标用户的生计（Akponikpè et al., 2010, Bone et al., 2011, Carr et al., 2015a, Carr et al., 2015c, Green and Raygorodetsky, 2010, Roncoli et al., 2001, Roncoli et al., 2002, Roncoli et al., 2009 年，Roncoli 等人，2011 年）。大多数天气和气候冲击和压力源对特定地点和活动的影响催生了当代气候服务文献，该文献认识到用户对天气和气候相关压力的脆弱性不仅取决于他们的暴露程度，还取决于他们的敏感性和适应能力。
Climate services have long been held up as development tools with tremendous potential to reduce risk and vulnerability, and build resilience, for agrarian communities in the Global South (Dessai et al., 2009, Fröde et al., 2013, Pervin et al., 2013, USAID Global Climate Change Office, 2014). The ongoing development and refinement of climate service-based tools, such as weather based index insurance, provides opportunities to stabilize and protect people’s livelihoods by establishing new forms of safety nets, strengthening existing safety nets, and supporting the general improvement of risk management mechanisms (Carter et al., 2014, Hess and Syroka, 2005, Jensen et al., 2015, Mburu et al., 2015). For example, climate advisories and information offer opportunities to inform farmer management of climate related risk (Boyd et al., 2013, Carr et al., 2015c, Hansen, 2012, Hellmuth et al., 2011, Ingram et al., 2002), such as by supporting farmer decisions with regard to intensifying production, investing in new technologies, or taking measures to protect their households and livelihoods in the case of adverse predictions (Carr et al., 2015a, Carr et al., 2015c, Hansen, 2012).The climate services community was initially dominated by a focus on delivering climate information, especially information focused on identifying and/or predicting weather and climate shocks and stresses to which particular users were exposed (for discussion, see Carr and Owusu-Daaku, 2016, Hansen et al., 2009, Millner and Washington, 2011, Roncoli, 2006, Shankar et al., 2011). Such challenges are broadly related to agroecological context (Akponikpè et al., 2010, Carr et al., 2015c, Ingram et al., 2002, Leclerc et al., 2013, Patt et al., 2005, Phillips et al., 2002, Roncoli et al., 2009, Silvestri et al., 2012) and the livelihoods of the intended users (Akponikpè et al., 2010, Bone et al., 2011, Carr et al., 2015a, Carr et al., 2015c, Green and Raygorodetsky, 2010, Roncoli et al., 2001, Roncoli et al., 2002, Roncoli et al., 2009, Roncoli et al., 2011). The place-and activity-specific impacts of most weather and climate shocks and stressors has resulted in a contemporary climate services literature which recognizes that users’ vulnerability to weather-and climate-related stress is not only a function of their exposure, but also their sensitivity and adaptive capacity.