The Developmental Effects of Early Life Stress: An Overview of Current Theoretical Frameworks
The Developmental Effects of Early Life Stress: An Overview of Current Theoretical Frameworks
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DOI：
10.1177/0963721413488889
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发表时间：
2013-10-01
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
Gunnar, Megan R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hostinar, Camelia E.;Gunnar, Megan R.
心理生物学领域有两个主要的理论来讨论压力和健康：非稳态负荷模型，它起源于生物学和神经科学方法来理解健康和疾病，以及适应性校准模型，它发展出一个明确的进化发展框架。两者都基于这样的假设，即大脑协调一组分布式和动态的神经回路，这些神经回路调节行为和压力生理，以帮助生物体适应环境的需求。这两种模型都支持这样一种观点，即生命早期的经历以塑造生物体未来反应的方式嵌入到压力系统的调节中。这两种范式的不同之处在于它们强调压力系统功能的变化是否被视为适应性或适应不良。本次审查的目的是确定每个框架的优点和缺点，并讨论对未来研究和政策的一些影响。
The field of psychobiology has two major theories for talking about stress and health: the allostatic load model, which grew out of biological and neuroscience approaches to understanding health and disease, and the adaptive calibration model, which developed out of an explicitly evolutionary-developmental framework. Both are based on assumptions that the brain coordinates a distributed and dynamic set of neural circuits that regulate behavior and stress physiology to help the organism adapt to the demands of the environment. Both models support the notion that experiences early in life are embedded into the regulation of stress systems in ways that shape the organism's future responses. These two paradigms differ in their emphasis on whether changes in how stress systems function are viewed as adaptive or maladaptive. The goal of this review is to identify the strengths and weaknesses of each framework and to discuss some implications for future studies and for policy.