Identification of aerosol particle sources in semi-rural area of Kwabenya, near Accra, Ghana, by EDXRF techniques
Identification of aerosol particle sources in semi-rural area of Kwabenya, near Accra, Ghana, by EDXRF techniques
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DOI：
10.1002/xrs.1172
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发表时间：
2009-07-01
影响因子：
1.2
通讯作者：
Wahnstrom, Tomas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Aboh, Innocent Joy Kwame;Henriksson, Dag;Wahnstrom, Tomas
很长一段时间以来，人们都知道小的气溶胶颗粒对人类有害，今天，人们认为它在全球造成的死亡人数超过了交通事故。能量色散X射线荧光（EDXRF）是一种公知的方法，其已用于识别颗粒中的有毒和无毒元素。这些元素的组合将与其他信息一起有助于确定颗粒物的来源并预测颗粒物对环境和人类健康的影响。目前的工作是在加纳首都阿克拉的郊区Kwabenya进行的，该地区经常暴露于来自撒哈拉-萨赫勒地区的Harmartan灰尘。在1年期间，共收集了171个PM2.5和PM（2.5-10）过滤器。元素，黑碳（BC）和质量的水平，确定两种颗粒尺寸。主成分分析（PCA）结果表明，PM10的日平均值很高，为179 μ g m（-3），BC含量为4 μ g m（-3）。地壳元素在PM（2.5-10）和PM2.5中的含量都很高，并且在Harmattan期间PM（2.5-10）增加了10倍以上。通过相关系数和回归分析，确定了不同来源的主要特征元素。撒哈拉沙漠气溶胶是两个研究期间的主要来源，但也观察到生物质燃烧，海上喷雾和金属工业的影响。版权所有（C）2009约翰威利父子有限公司
Small aerosol particles have for a long time been known to be harmful to humans, and are today regarded to cause a larger number of deaths than traffic accidents globally. Energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) is a well known method that has been used for identification of toxic as well as non-toxic elements in the particles. The combination of elements will together with other information help to identify the sources and predict the effects of particles on environment and human health.The present work was conducted in Kwabenya, a suburb of the capital Accra of Ghana, which is frequently exposed to Harmattan dust from the Sahara-Sahel region. In total 171 filters each of PM2.5 and PM(2.5-10) were collected during 1 year. Levels of elements, black carbon (BC) and mass, were determined for both particle sizes. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed on the datasets from Harmattan and non-Harmattan periods.The daily average of PM10 was very high, 179 mu g m(-3) and the BC contents were 4 mu g m(-3). The presence of crustal elements was large in PM(2.5-10) as well as in PM2.5, and had a more than tenfold increase in PM(2.5-10) during the Harmattan period. Major characteristic elements for different sources were identified from correlation coefficients and regression analysis of the data. Sahara sand aerosol was the major source in both study periods, but influence from biomass burning, sea-spray and metal industries was also observed. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.