The role of speed in ADHD-related working memory deficits: A time-based resource-sharing and diffusion model account.
The role of speed in ADHD-related working memory deficits: A time-based resource-sharing and diffusion model account.
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DOI：
10.1177/2167702616668320
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发表时间：
2017-03
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Huang-Pollock C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Weigard A;Huang-Pollock C
最近的一些评论表明，为了让心理科学超越对认知控制的“同质”解释，检查基本和计算明确的过程（例如认知处理速度）的作用至关重要。此前已有相关证据将慢速与 ADHD 的工作记忆 (WM) 缺陷联系起来，但这种关系的方向性尚未经过实验研究，而且速度影响 WM 的机制尚不清楚。在此，我们在患有和不患有 ADHD 的学龄儿童中证明，由于认知负荷的增加，WM 范式中的操纵速度（以扩散模型为索引）会降低 WM 能力，其方式与基于时间的 WM 资源共享模型的预测一致。结果表明，速度慢是 ADHD 中 WM 缺陷的一个合理原因，为这种关系提供了机制解释，并敦促在病因学临床研究中探索非执行神经认知过程。
Several recent commentaries suggest that, for psychological science to move beyond “homuncular” explanations for cognitive control, it is critically important to examine the role of basic and computationally well-defined processes (e.g. cognitive processing speed). Correlational evidence has previously linked slow speed to working memory (WM) deficits in ADHD, but the directionality of this relationship has not been investigated experimentally and the mechanisms through which speed may influence WM are unclear. Herein, we demonstrate in school-aged children with and without ADHD, that manipulating speed (indexed with the diffusion model) within a WM paradigm reduces WM capacity due to an increase in cognitive load, in a manner that is consistent with predictions of the time-based resource-sharing model of WM. Results suggest slow speed is a plausible cause of WM deficits in ADHD, provide a mechanistic account of this relationship, and urge the exploration of non-executive neurocognitive processes in clinical research on etiology.