Structural insights into ligand recognition and regulation of nucleic acid-sensing Toll-like receptors
Structural insights into ligand recognition and regulation of nucleic acid-sensing Toll-like receptors
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核酸感应 Toll 样受体的配体识别和调节的结构见解
DOI：
10.1016/j.sbi.2017.05.010
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Shimizu T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Akai Nanami;Igaki Tatsushi;Ohsawa Shizue;Shimizu T
核酸敏感TLR具有多种配体识别模式。DNA和RNA降解产物是核酸敏感TLR的底物。TLR 7和TLR 8中的两个配体结合位点显示出协同激活机制。核酸敏感TLR在配体和受体水平上受到调节。Toll样受体（TLR）激活先天免疫系统以响应入侵病原体。虽然核酸是主要的TLR配体之一，但它们不是固有的病原体特异性的，因此具有触发自身免疫的风险。有多种独特的调节机制旨在防止核酸敏感TLR的意外激活。最近的结构研究表明，不同的核酸敏感TLR具有特定的模式识别核酸作为配体调节的不同调节机制在受体和配体水平。本文综述了核酸敏感TLR对配体的识别和调控机制。
HighlightsNucleic acid-sensing TLRs have various modes of ligand recognition.DNA and RNA degradation products are substrates for nucleic acid-sensing TLRs.A synergistic activation mechanism is shown for the two ligand-binding sites in TLR7 and TLR8.Nucleic acid-sensing TLRs are regulated at both ligand and receptor levels.Toll-like receptors (TLRs) activate the innate immune system in response to invading pathogens. Although nucleic acids are one of the principal TLR ligands, they are not inherently pathogen-specific and, thus, carry the risk of triggering autoimmunity. There are multiple unique regulatory mechanisms aimed at preventing accidental activation of nucleic acid-sensing TLRs. Recent structural studies revealed that different nucleic acid-sensing TLRs have specific modes of recognizing nucleic acids as ligands regulated by diverse regulation mechanism both at the receptor and ligand levels. This review summarizes structural knowledge on the ligand recognition and regulation mechanism by nucleic acid-sensing TLRs.