Exposure to Schistosoma mansoni infection in a rural area of Brazil.: I:: Water contact
Exposure to Schistosoma mansoni infection in a rural area of Brazil.: I:: Water contact
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1365-3156.2001.00684.x
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发表时间：
2001-02-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Kloos, H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gazzinelli, A;Bethony, J;Kloos, H
由于广泛分散的居住模式、无处不在的水接触点以及水资源的私有化，对巴西农村水接触模式的研究提出了独特的挑战。本研究通过比较两种最广泛使用的评估水接触行为的方法来解决这些挑战：直接观察和调查。将为期 7 天的水接触直接观察结果与直接观察研究后 1 周和一年后进行的水接触调查进行比较。直接观察研究记录的水接触次数比其他研究人员报告的要少（j3.2 每人每天接触次数）；然而，其中 75% 的接触是女性，主要是在家庭周围进行的家务活动。对直接观察与两次调查之间的水接触活动频率进行比较，揭示了几个重要点。首先，日常接触水活动（例如洗澡）的方法之间没有发现显着差异，这表明参与者能够准确地自我报告某些类型的接触水活动。其次，观测区域外发生的水接触活动的记录存在显着差异，这表明直接观测可能会低估接触地点广泛分散的区域的水接触活动。第三，直接观察和调查方法之间的显着差异在男性中比在女性中更常见，这表明广泛的水接触地点和特定性别的劳动分工可能导致直接观察方法对男性接触的漏报。总之，尽管在记录持续时间和身体暴露情况方面存在局限性，但在接触水地点广泛分散的地区，调查方法可能比直接观察方法更准确地记录接触水活动的频率。因此，调查可能更适合巴西农村地区水接触的独特挑战。
The study of water contact patterns in rural Brazil presents unique challenges due to widely dispersed settlement patterns, the ubiquity of water contact sites, and the privatization of water resources. This study addresses these challenges by comparing the two most widely used methods of assessing water contact behaviour: direct observation and survey. The results of a 7-day direct observation of water contact were compared with water contact surveys administered 1 week after and then 1 year after the direct observation study. The direct observation study recorded a water contact rare higher than reported by other investigators j3.2 contacts per person per day); however, 75% of these contacts were for females and consisted mainly of domestic activities occurring around the household. A comparison of the frequency of water contact activities between the direct observation and the two surveys revealed several important points. First, no significant differences were found between methods for routine water contact activities (e.g. bathing), indicating that participants were able to accurately self-report some types of water contact activities. Second, significant differences were found in the recording of water contact activities that took place outside the observation area, indicating that direct observation may under-report water contact activities in areas where contact sites are dispersed widely. Third, significant differences between the direct observation and the survey method were more common for males than for females, indicating that the combination of widespread water contact sites and gender-specific division of labour may result in under-reporting of male contacts by direct observation methods. In short, despite the limitations in the recording of duration and body exposure, the survey method may more accurately record the frequency of water contact activities than direct observation methods in areas of widely dispersed water contact sites. Hence, surveys may be more suitable for the unique challenges of water contact in rural areas of Brazil.