Audio System for Technical Readings
Audio System for Technical Readings
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技术阅读音频系统
DOI：
10.1007/bfb0054977
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发表时间：
1998
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Brian Kernighan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
T. Raman;John Hopcroft;Dan Huttenlocher;D. Kozen;K. Dennis;John Guckenheimer;Brian Kernighan
电子文档的出现使信息不仅仅以视觉形式提供--电子信息现在可以独立于显示。我们描述了一个计算系统，A$\sb{\rm S}$T$\sb{\rm E}$R，音频格式的电子文档产生音频文档。A$\sb{\rm S}$T$\sb{\rm E}$R可以说文学文本和包含复杂数学的高度技术文档（目前在（L$\sp{\rm A}$）T$\sb{\rm E}$X中）。
视觉通信的特征在于眼睛主动访问二维显示器的部分的能力。阅读器是主动的，而显示器是被动的。这种主动-被动的角色被口头交流的时间性所颠倒：信息主动地流过被动的听者。这就禁止了多个视图--不可能先获得一个高级视图，然后再“看”细节。这些缺点变得严重时，提出复杂的数学口头。
音频格式化以与听觉显示相协调的方式呈现信息结构，克服了这些问题。A$\sb{\rm S}$T$\sb{\rm E}$R是交互式的，浏览信息结构和获得多个视图的能力使主动倾听成为可能。
The advent of electronic documents makes information available in more than its visual form--electronic information can now be display-independent. We describe a computing system, A$\sb{\rm S}$T$\sb{\rm E}$R, that audio formats electronic documents to produce audio documents. A$\sb{\rm S}$T$\sb{\rm E}$R can speak both literary texts and highly technical documents (presently in (L$\sp{\rm A}$)T$\sb{\rm E}$X) that contain complex mathematics.
Visual communication is characterized by the eye's ability to actively access parts of a two-dimensional display. The reader is active, while the display is passive. This active-passive role is reversed by the temporal nature of oral communication: information flows actively past a passive listener. This prohibits multiple views--it is impossible to first obtain a high-level view and then 'look' at details. These shortcomings become severe when presenting complex mathematics orally.
Audio formatting, which renders information structure in a manner attuned to an auditory display, overcomes these problems. A$\sb{\rm S}$T$\sb{\rm E}$R is interactive, and the ability to browse information structure and obtain multiple views enables active listening.