Trends and Determinants of Work-Retirement Transitions under Changing Institutional Conditions: Germany, England and Japan compared
Trends and Determinants of Work-Retirement Transitions under Changing Institutional Conditions: Germany, England and Japan compared
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DOI：
10.1017/s004727941500046x
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发表时间：
2016-01-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Flynn, Matthew
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hofaecker, Dirk;Schroeder, Heike;Flynn, Matthew
由于人口结构变化对社会和经济的影响，世界上许多国家的政府都在提倡延长工作年限。然而，并非所有工人都同样能够延长其就业生涯。因此，虽然国家政策提高了劳动力市场参与的总体水平，但它们可能造成新的社会和劳动力市场不平等。本文探讨了英国、德国和日本的制度差异如何在总体水平上影响个人的退休决策，以及各国内部和各国之间个人选择程度的差异。我们调查了哪些工人群体不成比例地面临被“推”出就业的风险，以及这种不平等如何随着时间的推移而变化。我们使用可比较的国家纵向调查数据集，重点是英国，德国和日本的老年人口。结果表明，退休过渡方面存在跨国差异。德国的退休过渡发生在比英国和日本更早的年龄。在日本，非自愿退休的发生率最低，这反映了一种制度背景，即雇主必须提供就业，直到领取养老金的年龄，而德国和英国则显示出相当大比例的非自愿离职是由组织层面的裁员、持续的提前退休计划或个人健康状况不佳引发的。
Many governments world-wide are promoting longer working life due to the social and economic repercussions of demographic change. However, not all workers are equally able to extend their employment careers. Thus, while national policies raise the overall level of labour market participation, they might create new social and labour market inequalities. This paper explores how institutional differences in the United Kingdom, Germany and Japan affect individual retirement decisions on the aggregate level, and variations in individuals' degree of choice within and across countries. We investigate which groups of workers are disproportionately at risk of being 'pushed' out of employment, and how such inequalities have changed over time. We use comparable national longitudinal survey datasets focusing on the older population in England, Germany and Japan. Results point to cross-national differences in retirement transitions. Retirement transitions in Germany have occurred at an earlier age than in England and Japan. In Japan, the incidence of involuntary retirement is the lowest, reflecting an institutional context prescribing that employers provide employment until pension age, while Germany and England display substantial proportions of involuntary exits triggered by organisational-level redundancies, persistent early retirement plans or individual ill-health.