Optimal harvest timing vs. harvesting for animal forage supply: Impacts on production and quality of lucerne on the Loess Plateau, China
Optimal harvest timing vs. harvesting for animal forage supply: Impacts on production and quality of lucerne on the Loess Plateau, China
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DOI：
10.1111/gfs.12116
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发表时间：
2015-06
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
M. Robertson;Yuying Shen;J. Philp;F. Hou;D. Yang;Zhongling Yang;K. Ying;Xianjiang Chen;L. Bell;J. Whish;A. Komarek;B. Bellotti
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Robertson;Yuying Shen;J. Philp;F. Hou;D. Yang;Zhongling Yang;K. Ying;Xianjiang Chen;L. Bell;J. Whish;A. Komarek;B. Bellotti
针对黄土高原地区大面积推广卢塞恩（Medicago sativa）的现状，研究了农户对卢塞恩的收获方式，并通过优化收获期、间隔期和地上部高度，探讨了苜蓿收获后产量和品质的提高幅度。进行了农场调查，以记录农民使用的主要收获做法及其对采用替代收获做法的障碍的看法。在对牲畜重视程度较低、劳动力较少和储存保存卢塞恩的设施不足的地区，种植卢塞恩的面积较小，而且经常每天收获以满足圈养牲畜的需求。其结果是，大部分卢塞恩在开花之前或之后收获，导致生物质和粗蛋白质的产量不理想。在黄土高原的低降雨量和高降雨量的地点进行了三个季节的田间试验表明，推迟到6月中旬（第一次开花的日期）后开始收获，而不影响总生物量收获的季节，减少叶生物量收获，因此粗蛋白浓度和产量。较低的粗蛋白质是叶在收获的生物量和茎氮浓度的百分比下降的结果。在开花前开始收获，收获间隔短（3周）也不利于收获的总生物量和叶生物量。将采伐高度从地面水平（目前农民的做法）提高到50毫米（可能随着机械化收割的到来）并没有惩罚收获的总生物量或叶生物量。
The current promotion of larger areas of lucerne (Medicago sativa) production on the Loess Plateau in China prompted this study, which investigated lucerne harvesting practices by farmers and the scope for improved harvest yield and quality by optimizing harvest date, interval and height above ground. On-farm surveys were conducted to document the dominant harvesting practices used by farmers and their perceptions of barriers to adoption of alternative harvesting practices. In districts with less emphasis on livestock, less labour and inadequate facilities to store conserved lucerne, smaller areas of lucerne are grown and it is often harvested daily to meet demand from penned livestock. The consequence is that much of the lucerne is harvested either before or after flowering, resulting in suboptimal yield of biomass and crude protein. Field experiments conducted at low and high rainfall locations on the Loess Plateau over three seasons showed that delaying the start to harvest until after mid-June (the date of first flowering), while not affecting total biomass harvested for the season, does reduce leaf biomass harvested and hence crude protein concentration and yield. Lower crude protein is a consequence of a decline in both leaf percentage in harvested biomass and stem nitrogen concentration. Commencing harvests well before flowering with short (3week) harvest intervals also penalized total and leaf biomass harvested. Raising cutting height from ground level (current farmer practice) to 50mm (likely with the advent of mechanized harvesting) did not penalize harvested total or leaf biomass.