Challenges and opportunities facing animal agriculture: Optimizing nitrogen management in the atmosphere and biosphere of the Earth
Challenges and opportunities facing animal agriculture: Optimizing nitrogen management in the atmosphere and biosphere of the Earth
复制标题
畜牧业面临的挑战和机遇：优化地球大气和生物圈中的氮管理
DOI：
10.2527/animalsci2002.80e-suppl_2e157x
复制
发表时间：
2002
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
J. Galloway
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
E. Cowling;J. Galloway
人类需要食物。人类使用能量。食物的生产和化石燃料的燃烧增加了地球大气、土壤、地表和地下沃茨中生物活性氮（BAN）的浓度。造成这些增加的部分原因是主要旨在增加粮食产量的农业做法-使用合成氮（N）肥料，广泛种植固氮豆类，人类饮食中对动物蛋白的需求增加，以及化石燃料的使用增加。全世界的农作物、森林和渔业对氮富集的反应具有一些积极的益处（例如，增加的食物、饲料、木材和鱼类产量）和一些负面后果（例如，水和陆地生态系统的酸化和富营养化、生物多样性减少、区域烟雾增加、全球变暖以及饮用水硝酸盐污染和接触有毒臭氧和细颗粒物导致的肺病和心脏病增加等人类健康影响）。到目前为止，大多数污染治理策略的目的是解决一个或另一个空气或水污染问题，其中氧化或还原形式的氮发挥了重要作用。现在是时候考虑更全面的综合战略，氮管理措施可以优化，以增加农业，林业和渔业生产，同时减少氮引起的土壤，空气和水污染。当今美国畜牧业面临的挑战和机遇包括与环保署、畜牧业、大学和其他科学家和政策制定者合作：1）对畜牧业氮排放的实际积极和消极影响进行现实的评估，2）制定切实可行的政策，（经济）指导方针和战略：a）提高家禽、蛋、猪、牛、奶制品的营养转化效率，1应邀参加关于动物生产和环境的专题讨论会：挑战和解决方案。2001年7月24日至28日，在印第安纳州印第安纳波利斯举行的美国乳制品科学协会、美国动物科学协会、家禽科学协会和美国肉类科学协会互惠肉类会议联合年会上举行的国际动物农业和食品科学会议。2通信地址：1509 Varsity Drive，罗利，NC 27606 USA（电话：919-515-7564;传真：919-515-1700;电子邮件：ellis_cowling@ncsu.edu）
Humans need food. Humans use energy. Production of food and combustion of fossil fuels increase concentrations of biologically active nitrogen (BAN) in the atmosphere, soils, and surface and ground waters of the earth. These increases are caused in part by agricultural practices aimed primarily at increasing food production – use of synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilizers, widespread planting of N-fixing legumes, increased demand for animal protein in human diets, and increased use of fossil fuels. The world's crops, forests, and fisheries respond to N enrichment with some positive benefits (e.g., increased food, feed, timber, and fish production) and some negative consequences (e.g., acidification and eutrophication of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, decreased biodiversity, increased regional haze, global warming, and such human health impacts as nitrate contamination of drinking water and increased pulmonary and cardiac disease caused by exposure to toxic ozone and fine particulate matter). So far, most pollution abatement strategies have aimed at resolving one or another air or water pollution problem in which oxidized or reduced forms of N play an important part. The time has come to consider more fully integrated strategies by which N management practices can be optimized to increase agricultural, forest, and fish production while decreasing N-induced soil-, air-, and water pollution. Contemporary challenges and opportunities facing animal agriculture in the United States today include joining with EPA, animal industry, university, and other scientists and policy makers in: 1) making realistic assessments of actual positive and negative impacts of N emissions from animal agriculture, and 2) developing practical (economic) guidelines and strategies for: a) improving nutrient conversion efficiency in poultry, egg, swine, cattle, dairy, 1 Invited contribution to a symposium on Animal Production and the Environment: Challenges and Solutions. International Animal Agriculture and Food Science Conference at the Joint Annual Meeting of the American Dairy Science Society, American Society of Animal Science, Poultry Science Association, and the Reciprocal Meat Conference of the American Meat Science Association, Indianapolis, Indiana, July 24-28, 2001. 2 Correspondence: 1509 Varsity Drive, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA (phone: 919-515-7564; fax: 919-515-1700; E-mail: ellis_cowling@ncsu.edu)
200 GHz频段串联结型SIS器件的开发：传输线结构与噪声特性之间的关系
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
中島 拓;溝口 玄真;山口 倫史;加藤 智隼;藤森 隆彰;藤井 由美;水野 亮;江崎 翔平;宮地 晃平;藤井 泰範;小嶋 崇文;Shan Wenlei;鵜澤 佳徳;野口 卓
通讯作者：
野口 卓