Rotavirus vaccine in Japan and Australia
Rotavirus vaccine in Japan and Australia
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日本和澳大利亚的轮状病毒疫苗
DOI：
10.1016/s0140-6736(05)75196-5
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发表时间：
1999
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
T. Nakagomi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
O. Nakagomi;Y. Koshimura;T. Nakagomi
先生-据Peter Wehrwein 2月6日的新闻(P478)，1美国疾病控制和预防中心(CDC)提出了新的疫苗建议，其中包括一种口服轮状病毒疫苗，首个获得许可的轮状病毒疫苗RRV-TV疫苗的制造商预计今年晚些时候将有多达100万儿童接种。RRVTV疫苗的现场预试验显示，在美国和法国内陆地区预防严重轮状病毒腹泻具有显著效果。2由于建议在2岁、4岁和6个月时接种RRV-TV疫苗，并且尚未确定少于三剂的效力，疫苗在特定国家表现良好的一个关键因素是在疫苗接种方案完成之前患病的儿童的比例。在美国，22.2-29.9%的儿童轮状病毒腹泻病例是6个月以下的婴儿。3在英国，在0-5岁的婴儿中，轮状病毒腹泻病例的比例也同样很高(26.6%)，发生在生命的前6个月。4因此，根据建议的疫苗接种时间表，这类儿童将得不到保护。相比之下，当考虑到5岁以下儿童中轮状病毒腹泻的病例时，6个月以下儿童的比例在日本仅为7.4%(根据1990年至1994年的全国监测数据)，在澳大利亚为9.1%(差异显著，χ2 p<；0·001)。因此，在日本和澳大利亚，如果按照2-6月龄方案接种RRVTV疫苗，不会被预防的比例要小得多；RRV-TV疫苗可能
Sir—According to Peter Wehrwein’s Feb 6 news item (p 478), 1 the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has made new vaccine recommendations that include an oral rotavirus vaccine, and the manufacturer of the first licensed rotavirus vaccine RRV-TV vaccine expects that as many as one million children will be vaccinated later this year.Prelicensure field trials of the RRVTV vaccine showed remarkable efficacies for prevention of severe rotavirus diarrhoea in the USA and F inland. 2 Because the RRV-TV vaccine is recommended to be given at age 2, 4, and 6 months and the efficacy of fewer than three doses has not been established, a key factor for the vaccine to show good performance in a given country is the proportion of the children who become ill before the completion of the vaccination programme. In the USA, 22· 2–29· 9% of all paediatric cases of rotavirus diarrhoea were infants younger than 6 months. 3 In the UK, a similarly large proportion (26· 6%) of cases of rotavirus diarrhoea among infants aged 0–5 years occurred during the first 6 months of life. 4 Such children would therefore be unprotected under the recommended vaccination schedule. By contrast, when cases of rotavirus diarrhoea among children younger than 5 years were considered, the percentage under age 6 months was only 7· 4% in Japan (on the basis of the national surveillance data for 1990–94) and 9· 1% in Australia5 (differences significant by χ2 p< 0· 001). Thus, the proportion that would not be prevented by the RRVTV vaccine if administered according to the 2–6 month age regimen is substantially smaller in Japan and Australia; the RRV-TV vaccine may