Dendritic spine pathology in neuropsychiatric disorders.

Dendritic spine pathology in neuropsychiatric disorders.
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DOI:
10.1038/nn.2741
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发表时间:
2011-03
影响因子:
25
通讯作者:
Woolfrey, Kevin M.
Woolfrey, Kevin M.
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Penzes, Peter;Cahill, Michael E.;Jones, Kelly A.;VanLeeuwen, Jon-Eric;Woolfrey, Kevin M.

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在了解包括自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)、精神分裂症和阿尔茨海默病在内的神经精神障碍的遗传结构、细胞底物、脑回路和内表型特征方面取得了实质性进展。最近的证据表明,多刺突触是这些疾病发病的重要底物。虽然突触紊乱并不是与这些疾病相关的唯一变化,但了解脊柱病理的分子基础可能有助于深入了解其病因,并可能揭示新的药物靶点。在这里,我们讨论了最近的神经病理学、遗传学、分子和动物模型研究,这些研究表明棘突触的结构变化与主要神经疾病的发病机制有关,重点是ASD、精神分裂症和阿尔茨海默病作为这些类别的代表,跨越不同的发病年龄。我们强调反向翻译、协作和多学科方法的重要性,以及在疾病内表型的突触调节通路和神经元回路的背景下研究疾病分子的时空作用。
Substantial progress has been made toward understanding the genetic architecture, cellular substrates, brain circuits and endophenotypic profiles of neuropsychiatric disorders, including autism spectrum disorders (ASD), schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s disease. Recent evidence implicates spiny synapses as important substrates of pathogenesis in these disorders. Although synaptic perturbations are not the only alterations relevant for these diseases, understanding the molecular underpinnings of spine pathology may provide insight into their etiologies and may reveal new drug targets. Here we discuss recent neuropathological, genetic, molecular and animal model studies that implicate structural alterations at spiny synapses in the pathogenesis of major neurological disorders, focusing on ASD, schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s disease as representatives of these categories across different ages of onset. We stress the importance of reverse translation, collaborative and multidisciplinary approaches, and the study of the spatio-temporal roles of disease molecules in the context of synaptic regulatory pathways and neuronal circuits that underlie disease endophenotypes.
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