Alfaxalone Anaesthesia Facilitates Electrophysiological Recordings of Nociceptive Withdrawal Reflexes in Dogs (Canis familiaris).
Alfaxalone Anaesthesia Facilitates Electrophysiological Recordings of Nociceptive Withdrawal Reflexes in Dogs (Canis familiaris).
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0158990
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Lascelles BD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hunt J;Murrell J;Knazovicky D;Harris J;Kelly S;Knowles TG;Lascelles BD
自然发生的犬骨关节炎代表了受影响犬（Canis familiaris）的福利问题，但也被认为与人类骨关节炎非常相似，因此被提议作为人类疾病的模型。中枢致敏在人类骨关节炎患者中得到认可，但在犬中的识别具有挑战性。对伤害性刺激的反应的肌电图测量代表了调查中枢伤害性处理的改变的潜在手段，并且已经在有意识的实验犬中进行了评价，但可能是令人厌恶的。在实验犬中开发合适的麻醉方案，促进电生理伤害性退缩反射评估，可能会增加在自然发生骨关节炎的自有犬中使用该技术的可接受性。七个目的饲养的雄性猎犬进行了肌电图记录会议在三个国家：乙酰丙嗪镇静，阿法沙酮镇静，阿法沙酮麻醉。记录对机械和电刺激以及重复电刺激的肌电图反应。随后，计算早期和晚期整流响应的积分。采用多层次模型分析了三种状态内和状态间积分值的自然变化规律。阿法沙酮增加伤害性阈值，并降低记录的反应的幅度，但随着刺激幅度的增加而增加的反应的特征被保留。在乙酰丙嗪镇静状态下记录期间，7只犬中有2只出现焦虑行为体征。有几个显着差异的反应幅度或伤害性阈值之间的两个阿法沙酮状态。乙酰丙嗪前驱用药后，用1-2 mg kg-1阿法沙酮诱导麻醉，然后以0.075-0.1 mg kg-1 min-1的连续速率输注，产生了合适的条件，能够评估犬的脊髓伤害性处理，而不会使其经历潜在的厌恶体验。这种方法可能适用于获得电生理伤害性退缩反射数据在客户拥有的狗与自然发生的骨关节炎。
Naturally occurring canine osteoarthritis represents a welfare issue for affected dogs (Canis familiaris), but is also considered very similar to human osteoarthritis and has therefore been proposed as a model of disease in humans. Central sensitisation is recognized in human osteoarthritis sufferers but identification in dogs is challenging. Electromyographic measurement of responses to nociceptive stimulation represents a potential means of investigating alterations in central nociceptive processing, and has been evaluated in conscious experimental dogs, but is likely to be aversive. Development of a suitable anaesthetic protocol in experimental dogs, which facilitated electrophysiological nociceptive withdrawal reflex assessment, may increase the acceptability of using the technique in owned dogs with naturally occurring osteoarthritis. Seven purpose bred male hound dogs underwent electromyographic recording sessions in each of three states: acepromazine sedation, alfaxalone sedation, and alfaxalone anaesthesia. Electromyographic responses to escalating mechanical and electrical, and repeated electrical, stimuli were recorded. Subsequently the integral of both early and late rectified responses was calculated. Natural logarithms of the integral values were analysed within and between the three states using multi level modeling. Alfaxalone increased nociceptive thresholds and decreased the magnitude of recorded responses, but characteristics of increasing responses with increasing stimulus magnitude were preserved. Behavioural signs of anxiety were noted in two out of seven dogs during recordings in the acepromazine sedated state. There were few significant differences in response magnitude or nociceptive threshold between the two alfaxalone states. Following acepromazine premedication, induction of anaesthesia with 1–2 mg kg-1 alfaxalone, followed by a continuous rate infusion in the range 0.075–0.1 mg kg-1 min-1 produced suitable conditions to enable assessment of spinal nociceptive processing in dogs, without subjecting them to potentially aversive experiences. This methodology may be appropriate for obtaining electrophysiological nociceptive withdrawal reflex data in client-owned dogs with naturally occurring osteoarthritis.