The ontogeny of personality in the wild guinea pig
The ontogeny of personality in the wild guinea pig
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DOI：
10.1016/j.anbehav.2014.01.032
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发表时间：
2014-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Trillmich, F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Guenther, A.;Finkemeier, M. -A.;Trillmich, F.
个体发育过程对人格形成的作用在过去只得到了很少的关注。缺乏关于人格发展的实验研究的一个原因可能是，随着时间的推移，特质的一致性是动物人格定义的基石之一，而根据定义，个体发育涉及随着时间的变化。在个体发育过程中，单个性状或性状间的相关性可能是一致的，也可能是不一致的；然而，最近的和最终的原因还没有被很好地理解。在个体发育早期作用于个体的环境因素可能会对人格发展产生重大影响。早期环境可能会严重制约但也会适应性地塑造个体。我们研究了在出生前和出生后暴露于光周期增加和减少的情况下，鱼子酱的个性发展。我们确定了这些预测性环境线索如何影响三个行为特征和两个生理特征的发展，它们的时间一致性以及它们之间的相关性。我们发现，尽管大多数特征在时间上具有相对较高的一致性，但豚鼠的人格发展具有显著的可塑性。在两个不同的个体发育阶段，基础皮质醇水平、静息代谢率和无畏之间存在稳定的相关性，其中一些相关性随着时间的推移而变得更加紧密。然而，我们也发现，一些相关性只有在成熟后才出现，或者随着时间的推移而消失。虽然探索行为与基础皮质醇密切相关，大胆程度与静息代谢率相关，但在成熟动物中，这两种相关性都消失了。相反，在成熟的动物中，探索和大胆之间的相关性是显而易见的。这些结果呼吁将发展方面更广泛地纳入人格研究。(C)2014年动物行为研究协会。爱思唯尔有限公司出版。保留所有权利。
The role of ontogenetic processes for the emergence of personality has received only little attention in the past. One reason for the lack of experimental studies on personality development may be that trait consistency over time is one of the cornerstones of the definition of animal personality, whereas, also by definition, ontogeny deals with change over time. Single traits or correlations between traits may be consistent or inconsistent throughout ontogeny; however, the proximate and ultimate causes are not well understood. Environmental factors acting upon individuals during early ontogeny potentially influence personality development substantially. Early environments may severely constrain but also adaptively shape individuals. We examined the personality development of cavies, Cavia aperea, when exposed to increasing and decreasing photoperiod before and after birth. We determined how these predictive environmental cues influenced the development of three behavioural and two physiological traits, their temporal consistency and the correlations between them. We found remarkable plasticity in the development of personality in the cavy, despite a relatively high degree of temporal consistency in most traits. There were stable correlations, some of which became tighter over time, between basal cortisol levels, resting metabolic rate and fearlessness across two different ontogenetic stages. However, we also found that some correlations emerged only after maturation or disappeared over time. Whereas exploration behaviour was tightly correlated with basal cortisol and boldness was correlated with resting metabolic rate, both correlations disappeared in mature animals. Instead, a correlation between exploration and boldness was evident in mature animals. These results call for a broader incorporation of developmental aspects into personality research. (C) 2014 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.