Geometric morphometrics of developmental instability: Analyzing patterns of fluctuating asymmetry with procrustes methods
Geometric morphometrics of developmental instability: Analyzing patterns of fluctuating asymmetry with procrustes methods
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DOI：
10.2307/2411306
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发表时间：
1998-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
McIntyre, GS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Klingenberg, CP;McIntyre, GS
尽管波动不对称性已成为衡量发育不稳定性的流行指标，但很少有研究探讨其发育基础。我们提出了一种通过形态测量方法研究发育对形态不对称的作用的方法。我们的方法将几何形态计量学与通常用于波动不对称性常规分析的双向方差分析相结合，并且可以通过检查地标之间的协方差模式来发现形状变化的局部特征。这种方法将波动不对称研究中使用的形式概念从形态标志之间的距离集合扩展到以标志配置为特征的明确几何形状概念。我们通过对采采蝇（Glossina palpalis gambiensis）翅膀不对称性的研究来证明这种方法。分析揭示了形状的显着波动和方向不对称，以及个体之间以及年轻和年老雌性的后代之间的充足形状变化。形态学标志的变异程度存在显着差异，但通过主成分分析确定的标志共变的多变量模式在波动不对称性（个体内变异）和个体间变异之间通常相似。因此，没有证据表明特殊的发育过程控制波动的不对称性。我们将一些形态测量模式与已知的苍蝇翅膀发育过程联系起来。
Although fluctuating asymmetry has become popular as a measure of developmental instability, few studies have examined its developmental basis. We propose an approach to investigate the role of development for morphological asymmetry by means of morphometric methods. Our approach combines geometric morphometrics with the two-way ANOVA customary for conventional analyses of fluctuating asymmetry and can discover localized features of shape variation by examining the patterns of covariance among landmarks. This approach extends the notion of form used in studies of fluctuating asymmetry from collections of distances between morphological landmarks to an explicitly geometric concept of shape characterized by the configuration of landmarks. We demonstrate this approach with a study of asymmetry in the wings of tsetse flies (Glossina palpalis gambiensis). The analysis revealed significant fluctuating and directional asymmetry for shape as well as ample shape variation among individuals and between the offspring of young and old females. The morphological landmarks differed markedly in their degree of variability, but multivariate patterns of landmark covariation identified by principal component analysis were generally similar between fluctuating asymmetry (within-individual variability) and variation among individuals. Therefore, there is no evidence that special developmental processes control fluctuating asymmetry. We relate some of the morphometric patterns to processes known to be involved in the development of fly wings.