Anatomy of emotion: a 3D study of facial mimicry.
Anatomy of emotion: a 3D study of facial mimicry.
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情绪解剖学：面部模仿的 3D 研究。
DOI：
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发表时间：
2007
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
C. Sforza
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
V. Ferrario;C. Sforza
面部运动的改变严重损害了患者的生活质量和社会交往，因此有必要对面部功能进行客观分级。提出了一种三维人脸运动的非侵入性检测方法。用光电运动分析仪记录了20名健康青年(男10人，女10人)的6种标准化面部动作序列(最大微笑；自由微笑；闭嘴惊讶；张嘴惊讶；右侧闭眼；左侧闭眼)。对于每个受试者，通过2 mm反射标记识别21个皮肤地标，并计算它们在每个面部动画过程中的3D运动。记录了每个表达的三次重复(会话内错误)，并使用了四个单独的会话(会话之间错误)。为了评估会话内误差，测量的技术误差(随机误差，TEM)分别针对性别、运动和地标进行计算。为了评估节间的重复性，计算了每个运动的每个地标(四个独立的节段)的平均位移之间的标准偏差。单个地标的TM范围为0.3-9.42 mm(切入误差)。与性别和运动相关的差异有统计学意义(性别比较的双因素方差分析，p=0.003，六种运动的p=0.009，性与运动交互作用的p<；0.001)。在四种不同的(独立)训练中，左眼闭合的重复性最差，右眼闭合的重复性最好；不同动作之间的差异有统计学意义(单因素方差分析，p=0.041)。综上所述，目前的方案为未来的临床应用证明了足够的可重复性。应非常小心地确保标记在所有科目中的位置一致。
Alterations in facial motion severely impair the quality of life and social interaction of patients, and an objective grading of facial function is necessary. A method for the non-invasive detection of 3D facial movements was developed. Sequences of six standardized facial movements (maximum smile; free smile; surprise with closed mouth; surprise with open mouth; right side eye closure; left side eye closure) were recorded in 20 healthy young adults (10 men, 10 women) using an optoelectronic motion analyzer. For each subject, 21 cutaneous landmarks were identified by 2-mm reflective markers, and their 3D movements during each facial animation were computed. Three repetitions of each expression were recorded (within-session error), and four separate sessions were used (between-session error). To assess the within-session error, the technical error of the measurement (random error, TEM) was computed separately for each sex, movement and landmark. To assess the between-session repeatability, the standard deviation among the mean displacements of each landmark (four independent sessions) was computed for each movement. TEM for the single landmarks ranged between 0.3 and 9.42 mm (intrasession error). The sex- and movement-related differences were statistically significant (two-way analysis of variance, p=0.003 for sex comparison, p=0.009 for the six movements, p<0.001 for the sex x movement interaction). Among four different (independent) sessions, the left eye closure had the worst repeatability, the right eye closure had the best one; the differences among various movements were statistically significant (one-way analysis of variance, p=0.041). In conclusion, the current protocol demonstrated a sufficient repeatability for a future clinical application. Great care should be taken to assure a consistent marker positioning in all the subjects.