Saltcedar (Tamarix spp.), Endangered Species, and Biological Weed Control—Can They Mix?1
Saltcedar (Tamarix spp.), Endangered Species, and Biological Weed Control—Can They Mix?1
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盐雪松（柽柳属）、濒危物种和生物杂草控制——它们可以混合吗？1
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发表时间：
2004
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
C. Deloach
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. Dudley;C. Deloach
摘要盐柏入侵具有许多经济和环境影响，包括取代当地河岸植被和相关的野生动物。1994年，一项生物防治计划批准了两种昆虫的引进，但由于濒危的西南杨柳霸鹟（SWWF）在盐雪松中的存在而被推迟。2001年，盐柏叶甲虫在六个州被释放，但不是在SWWF存在的地方。延迟规避盐雪松抑制可能对其他衰退物种产生的好处，包括许多在盐雪松主导的生态系统中罕见或缺失的物种。许多鸟类在盐柏植被中觅食，但数量和多样性低于提供更好栖息地和昆虫资源的原生林分。盐柏叶甲虫的成功建立导致广泛的盐柏落叶，和野生动物喂养的甲虫在一个否则depaerate系统的观察表明，生物防治可能会提高许多物种的栖息地质量，包括SWWF。在这种情况下，考虑受盐柏影响的多个物种将允许更有效的入侵植物管理，但延迟也反映了联邦行政结构的缺点，与入侵物种管理有关的“自然区域”的问题一样多，集中在一个单一的物种。一个功能整合的方法，研究和管理决策的合作将允许更合理的管理入侵物种在荒地生态系统。学名：Saltcedar，Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb. #3 TAARA，复合体还包括T。中国菜# TAACH，T。小花# TAAPA;盐柏叶甲，长形刺尾萤叶甲;西南杨柳霸鹟，特氏姬鹬菲利普斯。附加索引词：生物多样性、生态恢复、生态系统管理、河岸生境。缩略语：APHIS，动植物卫生检验局; SWWF，西南杨柳霸鹟; USDA，美国农业部; USFWS，美国鱼类和野生动物管理局。
Abstract Saltcedar invasion has many economic and environmental effects, including displacement of native riparian vegetation and associated wildlife. A biological control program led to the approval in 1994 of two insects for introduction but was delayed by the presence of the endangered southwestern willow flycatcher (SWWF) in saltcedar. In 2001, the saltcedar leaf beetle was released in six states but not where the SWWF was present. Delays circumvent the benefits that saltcedar suppression could have for other declining species, including many rare or absent in ecosystems dominated by saltcedar. Numerous birds forage within saltcedar vegetation but in lower numbers and diversity than in native stands that provide better habitat and insect resources. Successful establishment by saltcedar leaf beetle resulted in extensive saltcedar defoliation, and observations of wildlife feeding on the beetles in an otherwise depauperate system suggest that biocontrol may enhance habitat quality for many species, including the SWWF. Consideration of the multiple species affected by saltcedar would have allowed more effective invasive plant management in this case, but delays also reflect drawbacks in federal administrative structures related to invasive species management in ‘natural areas’ as much as problems with a narrow focus on a single species. A functionally integrated approach where research and management decisions are made cooperatively would allow more rational management of invasive species in wildland ecosystems. Nomenclature: Saltcedar, Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb. #3 TAARA, complex also includes T. chinensis Lour. # TAACH, T. parviflora DC. # TAAPA; saltcedar leaf beetle, Diorhabda elongata; southwestern willow flycatcher, Empidonax traillii extimus Phillips. Additional index words: Biodiversity, ecological restoration, ecosystem management, riparian habitat. Abbreviations: APHIS, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service; SWWF, southwestern willow flycatcher; USDA, U.S. Department of Agriculture; USFWS, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.