Back-breeding the aurochs: the Heck brothers, National Socialism and imagined geographies for nonhuman Lebensraum
Back-breeding the aurochs: the Heck brothers, National Socialism and imagined geographies for nonhuman Lebensraum
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野牛的回育：赫克兄弟、国家社会主义和非人类生存空间的想象地理
DOI：
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Jamie Lorimer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Driessen;Jamie Lorimer
本章探讨了卢茨和海因茨·赫克（Lutz Heck）--两位经营柏林和慕尼黑动物园的有影响力的德国动物学家--实施的动物“回育”计划背后的生物地理想象。在一定程度上，由于与国家社会主义精英的密切联系和赞助，赫克兄弟试图通过繁殖来恢复野生牛（欧洲野牛）和马（tarpan），他们与驯化有关。这些纯种动物在战争期间被释放，在第三赖希不断扩张的领土上漫游，并出现在宣传电影和报纸文章中，使这种扩张合法化。利用档案材料，本章将这些落后的举措与新兴的地缘政治学领域联系起来。它追溯了重建灭绝的原始野生动物的项目是如何作为自然保护的话语和实践的一部分发挥作用的，这些话语和实践强调了欧洲景观的理想日耳曼特征，并要求将种族清洗作为生态恢复的一种形式。这一章描述了原始野生动物的回归繁殖是暴力的东部扩张合法化的一部分，源于神话，地理和生态想象的特定组合，不仅旨在实现工业和农业自给自足，而且还扩大了纳粹对景观保护的治理。
This chapter investigates the bio-geographical imaginations behind the animal 'back-breeding' programs carried out by Lutz and Heinz Heck - two influential German zoologists who ran Berlin and Munich zoos. Partly with close connections to and patronage from the National Socialist elite, the Heck brothers sought to resurrect the wild cow (aurochs) and horse (tarpan) by breeding out the degeneration they associated with domestication. These back-bred animals were released during the war to roam the expanding territory of the Third Reich, and figured in propaganda films and newspaper articles legitimating that expansion. Drawing on archive material, this chapter situates these back-breeding initiatives in relation to the emerging field of geopolitics. It traces how the project to recreate extinct primordial wildlife functioned as part of discourses and practices of nature conservation that emphasized the ideal Germanic character of the European landscape and required ethnic cleansing as a form of ecological restoration. The chapter describes how back breeding of primordial wildlife was part of a legitimation of the violent Eastern expansion, emanating from a particular combination of mythological, geographic and ecological imaginations, not merely aiming for industrial and agricultural autarky but also to extend the Nazi governance of landscape conservation.