Complications of intermittent catheterization: their prevention and treatment
Complications of intermittent catheterization: their prevention and treatment
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DOI：
10.1038/sj.sc.3101348
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发表时间：
2002-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Wyndaele, JJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wyndaele, JJ
研究设计：文献综述旨在评价间歇性导管插入术（IC）和间歇性自我导管插入术（ISC）患者中出现的并发症。目的：了解IC患者中出现的大多数并发症的患病率。研究这些并发症的预防和治疗。地点：国际文献综述。方法：回顾有关该主题的大多数相关文章。结论：尿路感染是IC患者最常见的并发症。导尿频率和避免膀胱过度充盈是最重要的预防措施之一。无症状菌尿不需要用抗生素治疗。长期的抗菌预防似乎确实有产生细菌耐药性的风险。既往使用留置导管治疗是慢性感染和尿脓毒症的危险因素。前列腺炎比通常认为的更常见。附睾炎和尿道炎是罕见的。导管插入术的创伤经常发生，但持久的影响更为有限。然而，尿道狭窄和假通道的患病率随着IC使用时间的延长而增加。使用亲水性导尿管可能能够降低尿道并发症的发生率，但还需要通过比较研究提供更多证据。最重要的预防措施是对所有参与IC的人进行良好的教育，良好的患者依从性，使用适当的材料和应用良好的导管插入技术。
Study design: Literature review to evaluate the complications seen in patients on intermittent catheterization (IC) and intermittent self-catheterization (ISC).Objectives: To find the prevalence of most complications seen in patients on IC. To study the prevention and the treatment of these complications.Setting: An international literature review.Methods: Most relevant articles on the subject are reviewed.Conclusion: Urinary tract infection is the most frequent complication in patients performing IC. Catheterization frequency and the avoidance of bladder overfilling are amongst the most important prevention measures. Asymptomatic bacteriuria does not need to be treated with antibiotics. Long-term antibacterial prevention does seem to bear a risk of development of bacterial resistance. Previous treatment with indwelling catheters is a risk factor for chronic infection and urinary sepsis. Prostatitis is more frequently present than often thought. Epididymitis and urethritis are rare. Trauma from catheterization occurs regularly, but lasting effects are more limited. However, the prevalence of urethral strictures and false passages increases with longer use of IC. The use of hydrophilic catheters might be able to lower the urethral complication rate but additional proof through comparative studies is needed. The most important prevention measures are good education of all involved in IC, good patient compliance, the use of a proper material and the application of a good catheterization technique.