The importance of learning to make assumptions
The importance of learning to make assumptions
复制标题
学习做出假设的重要性
DOI：
10.1002/sce.20295
复制
发表时间：
2009
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
David Fortus
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
David Fortus
做出假设是解决许多现实问题的重要一步。这项研究调查了能够解决明确定义的物理问题的参与者是否也能解决涉及假设的现实世界的物理问题。参与者都至少拥有物理学学士学位，他们在解决三个明确定义的问题和一个现实世界的问题时被录下了“大声思考”的录像，然后就解决问题的过程进行了采访。所有的问题都涉及同样的科学内容。研究人员对这些录音进行了分析，以确定解决问题的方式的相似性和差异，并了解解决问题的哪些步骤对每个参与者造成了最大的认知困难。结果表明：（a）将现实问题转化为明确定义的问题所需的约束性假设的过程对所有人来说都是最困难的一步，（B）只有先前有过约束性假设经验的参与者才能够做出所需的假设并解决现实问题。这些发现表明，有必要支持物理学生发展这一重要技能。© 2008 Wiley Periodicals，Inc. Sci Ed93：86-108，2009
Making assumptions is an important step in solving many real-world problems. This study investigated whether participants who could solve well-defined physics problems could also solve a real-world physics problem that involved the need to make assumptions. The participants, who all had at least a BA in physics, were videotaped “thinking aloud” while solving three well-defined and one real-world problem and then interviewed about the problem-solving process. All the problems dealt with the same scientific content. The recordings were analyzed to identify similarities and differences in the ways the problems were solved and to see which steps in the solution of the problems posed the greatest cognitive difficulty for each participant. Results indicate that (a) the process of making the constraining assumptions needed to convert the real-world problem into a well-defined one was the most difficult step for all, and (b) only the participants who had prior experience making constraining assumptions were able to make the needed assumptions and solve the real-world problem. These findings suggest a need to support physics students develop this important skill. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed93:86–108, 2009