Evaluating the Classification of Fermi BCUs from the 4FGL Catalog Using Machine Learning

Evaluating the Classification of Fermi BCUs from the 4FGL Catalog Using Machine Learning
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使用机器学习评估 4FGL 目录中费米 BCU 的分类

DOI:
10.3847/1538-4357/ab558b
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发表时间:
2019-11
期刊:
The Astrophysical Journal
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Yin Yue
Yin Yue
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Kang Shi-Ju;Li Enze;Ou Wujing;Zhu Kerui;Fan Jun-Hui;Wu Qingwen;Yin Yue

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最近发布的第四个费米大口径望远镜源目录(4FGL)报告了5065个直接观测伽马射线性质的伽马射线源。在这些源中,最大的群体是活动星系核(AGN),它由3137个耀变体,42个射电星系和28个其他AGN组成。耀变体样本包括694个平谱射电类星体(FSRQ),1131个BL Lac型天体(BL拉克)和1312个未知类型的耀变体候选者(BCU)。由于对耀变体的固有性质了解有限,加上天文观测的可用性有限,因此使用光谱学对耀变体进行分类是困难的。为了克服这些挑战,机器学习算法正在被研究作为替代方法。利用4FGL星表,系统地选取了3137个费米耀变体的23个参数。三个已建立的监督机器学习算法(随机森林(RFs),支持向量机(SVMs),人工神经网络(ANNs))的一般预测模型分类的BCU。我们分析了所有不同参数组合的结果。有趣的是,没有发现以前报道的使用更多参数导致更高准确度的趋势。考虑到使用的参数数量最少,SVM,ANN或RF生成的模型中的8个,12个或10个参数的组合实现了最高的准确度(准确度为91.8%或92.9%)。使用来自参数的最佳组合的组合分类结果,预测了724个BL Lac类型候选者和332个FSRQ类型候选者;然而,仍有256个没有明确的预测。
The recently published fourth Fermi Large Area Telescope source catalog (4FGL) reports 5065 gamma-ray sources in terms of direct observational gamma-ray properties. Among the sources, the largest population is the active galactic nuclei (AGNs), which consists of 3137 blazars, 42 radio galaxies, and 28 other AGNs. The blazar sample comprises 694 flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs), 1131 BL Lac- type objects (BL Lacs), and 1312 blazar candidates of an unknown type (BCUs). The classification of blazars is difficult using optical spectroscopy given the limited knowledge with respect to their intrinsic properties, and the limited availability of astronomical observations. To overcome these challenges, machine-learning algorithms are being investigated as alternative approaches. Using the 4FGL catalog, a sample of 3137 Fermi blazars with 23 parameters is systematically selected. Three established supervised machine-learning algorithms (random forests (RFs), support vector machines (SVMs), artificial neural networks (ANNs)) are employed to general predictive models to classify the BCUs. We analyze the results for all of the different combinations of parameters. Interestingly, a previously reported trend the use of more parameters leading to higher accuracy is not found. Considering the least number of parameters used, combinations of eight, 12 or 10 parameters in the SVM, ANN, or RF generated models achieve the highest accuracy (Accuracy ≃91.8%, or ≃92.9%). Using the combined classification results from the optimal combinations of parameters, 724 BL Lac type candidates and 332 FSRQ type candidates are predicted; however, 256 remain without a clear prediction.
DOI: 10.3390/galaxies4040036
发表时间: 2016-09
期刊: --
影响因子: --
作者:
G. Ghisellini
通讯作者: G. Ghisellini
DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aa6005
发表时间: 2017-02
期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
影响因子: --
作者:
Shi-Ju Kang
通讯作者: Shi-Ju Kang
使用机器学习评估费米 BCU 的光学分类
DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab0383
发表时间: 2019-02
期刊: ApJ
影响因子: --
作者:
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DOI: 10.1198/tech.2003.s33
发表时间: 2003-02
期刊: Technometrics
影响因子: 2.5
作者:
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DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stu1759
发表时间: 2014-05
期刊: Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union
影响因子: --
作者:
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通讯作者: T. Sbarrato;P. Padovani;G. Ghisellini