Correlating ion channel structure and function.

Correlating ion channel structure and function.
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DOI:
10.1016/bs.mie.2021.02.016
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
--
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--
中科院分区:
生物学4区
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低温电子显微镜(cryo-EM)的最新发展导致膜蛋白,特别是离子通道的高分辨率结构的指数增加。然而,结构本身只能提供有关这些蛋白质工作的有限信息。为了了解离子通道的功能和调控的分子细节,所获得的结构数据需要相关的功能状态相同的蛋白质。在这里,我们描述了几种技术,可用于研究离子通道的结构和功能,在体外和定义,类似的条件下。脂质纳米盘为膜蛋白提供了一个天然的环境,并已成为膜蛋白结构生物学和生物物理学的一个有价值的工具。结合基于脂质体的通量测定用于离子通道活性的动力学分析以及电生理记录,研究人员现在可以使用一系列实验技术,使用纯化的组分进行详细的结构-功能相关性。两个例子,我们把重点放在脂质环境和时间分辨技术与突变和蛋白质工程解释从单粒子冷冻EM环核苷酸门控或钙门控K+通道上获得的结构数据。此外,我们为我们工作中使用的所有测定提供了简短的方案,以便其他人可以根据他们的实验需求调整这些技术。全面的结构-功能相关性是必不可少的,以消除目标通道病。
Recent developments in cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) led to an exponential increase in high-resolution structures of membrane proteins, and in particular ion channels. However, structures alone can only provide limited information about the workings of these proteins. In order to understand ion channel function and regulation in molecular detail, the obtained structural data need to be correlated to functional states of the same protein. Here, we describe several techniques that can be employed to study ion channel structure and function in vitro and under defined, similar conditions. Lipid nanodiscs provide a native-like environment for membrane proteins and have become a valuable tool in membrane protein structural biology and biophysics. Combined with liposome-based flux assays for the kinetic analysis of ion channel activity as well as electrophysiological recordings, researchers now have access to an array of experimental techniques allowing for detailed structure-function correlations using purified components. Two examples are presented where we put emphasis on the lipid environment and time-resolved techniques together with mutations and protein engineering to interpret structural data obtained from single particle cryo-EM on cyclic nucleotide-gated or Ca2+-gated K+ channels. Furthermore, we provide short protocols for all the assays used in our work so that others can adapt these techniques to their experimental needs. Comprehensive structure-function correlations are essential in order to pharmacologically target channelopathies.
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