Assessment of ground-based monitoring techniques applied to landslide investigations
Assessment of ground-based monitoring techniques applied to landslide investigations
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DOI：
10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.10.027
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发表时间：
2016-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
S. Uhlemann;Alister Smith;J. Chambers;N. Dixon;T. Dijkstra;E. Haslam;P. Meldrum;A. Merritt;D. Gunn;J. Mackay
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Uhlemann;Alister Smith;J. Chambers;N. Dixon;T. Dijkstra;E. Haslam;P. Meldrum;A. Merritt;D. Gunn;J. Mackay
英国北约克郡Hollin Hill的Whitby泥岩地层中的一个滑坡复合体周期性地重新激活，以响应降雨引起的孔压波动。本文比较了首次在活动性滑坡上使用的多种监测技术组合所获得的长期观测数据(即2009-2014年)。结果突出了不同技术的相对性能，并可为研究人员和从业人员选择和安装适当的监测技术来评估不稳定斜坡提供指导。特别关注由不同方法提供的空间和时间分辨率，这些方法包括：地面标记阵列的实时动态GPS(RTK-GPS)监测、常规倾斜仪、形状加速阵列(SAA)、倾斜仪、具有声发射(AE)监测的有源波导和压力计。高空间分辨率的信息可以在大坡度上定位稳定和不稳定的区域。这使得能够确定进一步监测工作应重点关注的领域。高时间分辨率的信息可以捕捉到‘S’形状的斜坡位移-时间行为(即斜坡的加速、减速和稳定阶段)，以响应孔隙水压力的升高。这项研究表明，为了充分了解斜坡的破坏和运动机制，需要一套在测量和斜坡尺度上提供高时间和空间分辨率的平衡的监测技术。在霍林山滑坡的情况下，它使人们能够详细解释支配滑坡活动的地貌过程。它强调了定期测量全球定位系统标记器网络以确定安装运动监测技术的区域的好处，这些技术在时间和空间上都提供了更高的分辨率。倾斜仪测量对平移运动的敏感性很小，限制了记录霍林山典型的S形状滑坡运动的能力，这些运动是通过SAA和AE测量确定的。这种对滑坡运动的高度敏感性表明，SAA和AE监测通过检测和量化斜坡运动的加速度，可用于早期预警系统。
A landslide complex in the Whitby Mudstone Formation at Hollin Hill, North Yorkshire, UK is periodically re-activated in response to rainfall-induced pore-water pressure fluctuations. This paper compares long-term measurements (i.e., 2009–2014) obtained from a combination of monitoring techniques that have been employed together for the first time on an active landslide. The results highlight the relative performance of the different techniques, and can provide guidance for researchers and practitioners for selecting and installing appropriate monitoring techniques to assess unstable slopes. Particular attention is given to the spatial and temporal resolutions offered by the different approaches that include: Real Time Kinematic-GPS (RTK-GPS) monitoring of a ground surface marker array, conventional inclinometers, Shape Acceleration Arrays (SAA), tilt meters, active waveguides with Acoustic Emission (AE) monitoring, and piezometers. High spatial resolution information has allowed locating areas of stability and instability across a large slope. This has enabled identification of areas where further monitoring efforts should be focused. High temporal resolution information allowed the capture of ‘S’-shaped slope displacement-time behaviour (i.e. phases of slope acceleration, deceleration and stability) in response to elevations in pore-water pressures. This study shows that a well-balanced suite of monitoring techniques that provides high temporal and spatial resolutions on both measurement and slope scale is necessary to fully understand failure and movement mechanisms of slopes. In the case of the Hollin Hill landslide it enabled detailed interpretation of the geomorphological processes governing landslide activity. It highlights the benefit of regularly surveying a network of GPS markers to determine areas for installation of movement monitoring techniques that offer higher resolution both temporally and spatially. The small sensitivity of tilt meter measurements to translational movements limited the ability to record characteristic ‘S’-shaped landslide movements at Hollin Hill, which were identified using SAA and AE measurements. This high sensitivity to landslide movements indicates the applicability of SAA and AE monitoring to be used in early warning systems, through detecting and quantifying accelerations of slope movement.