Open and closed cortico-subcortical loops: A neuro-computational account of access to consciousness in the distractor-induced blindness paradigm
Open and closed cortico-subcortical loops: A neuro-computational account of access to consciousness in the distractor-induced blindness paradigm
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DOI：
10.1016/j.concog.2015.02.007
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发表时间：
2015-09-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Hamker, Fred H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ebner, Christian;Schroll, Henning;Hamker, Fred H.
大脑如何决定“有意识地”处理哪些信息已经争论了几十年，目前还没有一个简单的解释。虽然大多数实验都是操纵所呈现的刺激的知觉能量，但分心诱发盲视任务是研究信息进入意识的门控的一个典型范例，没有或只有轻微的视觉操纵。在这个范例中，受试者被要求报告快速连续视觉呈现（RSVP）流中连贯点运动的间隔，每当这些运动之前有不同的RSVP流中的特定颜色刺激时。如果存在干扰物（即，在颜色刺激之前的连续点运动间隔），受试者感知和报告目标点运动间隔的能力会下降，特别是在目标颜色和目标运动间隔之间的短暂延迟。我们提出了一个生物学上合理的神经计算模型，来解释大脑如何控制进入意识，以解释分心物诱发的失明是如何从皮层和基底神经节的信息处理中产生的。该模型表明，意识知觉需要皮层-皮层下回路活动的回响，基底神经节通路可以允许或抑制这种回响。在分心物诱发的失明范式中，不充分的分心物诱发的反应倾向被基底神经节的抑制性“超直接”通路所抑制。如果目标紧跟在这样的干扰物后面，干扰物抑制的时间后效会阻碍目标识别。该模型再现了目标颜色和目标运动之间的延迟如何影响目标检测概率的实验数据。(C) 2015爱思唯尔公司版权所有。
How the brain decides which information to process 'consciously' has been debated over for decades without a simple explanation at hand. While most experiments manipulate the perceptual energy of presented stimuli, the distractor-induced blindness task is a prototypical paradigm to investigate gating of information into consciousness without or with only minor visual manipulation. In this paradigm, subjects are asked to report intervals of coherent dot motion in a rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) stream, whenever these are preceded by a particular color stimulus in a different RSVP stream. If distractors (i.e., intervals of coherent dot motion prior to the color stimulus) are shown, subjects' abilities to perceive and report intervals of target dot motion decrease, particularly with short delays between intervals of target color and target motion.We propose a biologically plausible neuro-computational model of how the brain controls access to consciousness to explain how distractor-induced blindness originates from information processing in the cortex and basal ganglia. The model suggests that conscious perception requires reverberation of activity in cortico-subcortical loops and that basal-ganglia pathways can either allow or inhibit this reverberation. In the distractor-induced blindness paradigm, inadequate distractor-induced response tendencies are suppressed by the inhibitory 'hyperdirect' pathway of the basal ganglia. If a target follows such a distractor closely, temporal aftereffects of distractor suppression prevent target identification. The model reproduces experimental data on how delays between target color and target motion affect the probability of target detection. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.