Inhibitory deficits in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Intentional versus automatic mechanisms of attention
Inhibitory deficits in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Intentional versus automatic mechanisms of attention
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DOI：
10.1017/s0954579409000297
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发表时间：
2009-05-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Lorch, Elizabeth P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fillmore, Mark T.;Milich, Richard;Lorch, Elizabeth P.
将基于理论的任务应用于选择性注意发展的研究已经产生了关于抑制机制作用的有趣新发现。本研究使用反命令任务和抑制返回任务来检查抑制机制，以比较患有注意缺陷多动障碍的儿童有意和反射性控制注意力抑制的缺陷。 50 名患有注意力缺陷/多动障碍 (ADHD) 的儿童被分为三种亚型之一：显着注意力不集中 (ADHD/PI)、混合型 (ADHD/C) 以及患有 ADHD/C 且同时符合共病对立违抗障碍 (ADHD/C + ODD) 标准的儿童。将各组与儿童对照组 (n = 21) 进行比较。反要求任务表明，多动症组需要更多的时间来抑制反应，并且这种损害在亚型之间没有差异。在反射性控制抑制方面，与对照组相比，ADHD/C 和 ADHD/C + ODD 组的反射性抑制受损，而 ADHD/PI 组的受损程度要小得多。研究结果强调了注意力不集中的儿童中两种形式的抑制缺陷之间的分离，并提出了一种可能性，即反射性抑制机制的有效运作对于发展有效的有意抑制控制可能是必要的。
Application of theoretically based tasks to the study of the development of selective attention has led to intriguing new findings concerning the role of inhibitory mechanisms. This study examined inhibitory mechanisms using a countermanding task and an inhibition of return task to compare deficits in intentionally, versus reflexively, controlled inhibition of attention in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Fifty children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were classified into one of three subtypes: predominantly inattentive (ADHD/PI), combined (ADHD/C), and those children with ADHD/C who also met criteria for comorbid oppositional defiant disorder (ADHD/C + ODD). The groups were compared to a comparison group of children (n = 21). The countermanding task showed that the ADHD groups required more time to inhibit responses and this impairment did not differ among subtypes. With respect to reflexively controlled inhibition, compared with controls ADHD/C and ADHD/C + ODD groups showed impaired reflexive inhibition, whereas the ADHD/PI group was considerably less impaired. The findings highlight a dissociation between the two forms of inhibitory deficits among children with the inattentive subtype, and raise the possibility that the efficient operation of reflexive inhibitory mechanisms might be necessary for the development of effective intentional control of inhibition.