THE OCCURRENCE OF PEROXIDE IN CULTURES OF PNEUMOCOCCUS.
THE OCCURRENCE OF PEROXIDE IN CULTURES OF PNEUMOCOCCUS.
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DOI：
10.1084/jem.39.2.275
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发表时间：
1924-01-31
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Morgan HJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Avery OT;Morgan HJ
1.有利于过氧化物在肺炎球菌肉汤培养物中形成和积累的条件是空气的自由进入，以及缺乏过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶和其他能够分解这种化合物的催化剂。在这些有利的条件下，过氧化物在对数生长期的培养液中变得明显，并持续至少6至12天。2.在没有这些有利条件的情况下，过氧化物的形成被抑制。在缺氧条件下，过氧化物的积累被延迟;当厌氧条件保持不变时，该物质不会形成。在活性催化剂存在下，过氧化物在介质中的累积量不足以产生正反应。过氧化物在肺炎球菌培养物中的积累取决于微生物产生的量与培养基中物质破坏的量之间的平衡。3.肺炎球菌培养物中形成的过氧化物是不稳定的。在37°C下长时间孵育时，其逐渐消失;它在碱性介质中比在中性或酸性介质中更不稳定。它在培养物中被破坏，暴露于沸水温度15分钟，并在压力（15磅）下蒸汽10分钟。4.过氧化物的形成发生在早期肉汤培养的7株肺炎球菌和6株非溶血性链球菌的研究。23株溶血性链球菌中的15株和3株粘液链球菌中的1株形成过氧化物。在溶血链球菌和粘液链球菌的阳性反应培养物中，直到孵育第3 - 5天才证明存在过氧化物。两株金黄色葡萄球菌生长过程中均未检出过氧化物。
1. Conditions which favor the formation and accumulation of peroxide in broth cultures of pneumococcus are free access of air, and the absence of catalase, peroxidase, and other catalysts capable of decomposing this compound. Under these favorable conditions peroxide becomes demonstrable in the culture fluid during the logarithmic phase of growth and persists for a period of at least 6 to 12 days. 2. In the absence of these favorable conditions the formation of peroxide is inhibited. In a culture with deficient oxygen exposure the accumulation of peroxide is delayed; when anaerobic conditions are maintained the substance is not formed. In the presence of active catalysts, peroxide does not accumulate in the medium in quantities sufficient to give a positive reaction. The accumulation of peroxide in pneumococcus cultures is dependent upon the balance between the amount produced by the microorganisms and the amount destroyed by substances in the medium. 3. The peroxide formed in pneumococcus cultures is unstable. It gradually disappears during prolonged incubation at 37°C.; it is less stable in alkaline than in neutral or acid media. It is destroyed in culture filtrates exposed to the temperature of boiling water for 15 minutes, and to that of steam under pressure (15 pounds) for 10 minutes. 4. Peroxide formation occurred early in broth cultures of the seven strains of pneumococcus and of the six strains of non-hemolytic streptococci studied. Fifteen of twenty-three strains of Streptococcus hæmolyticus and one of three strains of Streptococcus mucosus formed peroxide. In the positively reacting cultures of Streptococcus hæmolyticus and Streptococcus mucosus the presence of peroxide was not demonstrable until the 3rd to 5th day of incubation. Peroxide could not be detected at any time during growth of the two strains of Staphylococcus aureus.