Engineered Materials for Cancer Immunotherapy.
Engineered Materials for Cancer Immunotherapy.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.nantod.2015.06.007
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发表时间：
2015-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
17.4
通讯作者：
Mooney DJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cheung AS;Mooney DJ
免疫疗法是一种很有前途的癌症治疗方法，因为它可以促进特异和持久的抗癌反应。然而，目前的方法仍然存在局限性。作为可溶性注射使用的治疗药物通常需要高剂量和频繁的重复给药，这可能导致全身毒性。以可溶丸剂为基础的疫苗配方通常会引发微弱的细胞免疫反应，限制了它们在癌症中的使用。目前用于过继T细胞治疗的T细胞体外扩增方法并不理想，在移植后实现高T细胞持久性和持续功能以及有限的全身毒性仍然具有挑战性。生物材料可以在解决其中一些限制方面发挥重要作用。例如，纳米材料可以用作载体，以最小的非靶标毒性将免疫调节有效载荷传递到特定的组织、细胞和细胞隔间，或者在治疗性疫苗配方中共同传递抗原和危险信号。或者，微尺度到宏尺度的材料可以用作受控分子和细胞传递的装置，或者用作在原位招募和编程免疫细胞的工程微环境。最近的工作证明了将癌症免疫治疗与生物材料相结合的潜力，生物材料在癌症免疫治疗中的应用可能使有效的下一代平台的开发成为可能。本文综述了工程材料在将免疫调节剂输送到肿瘤微环境、治疗性肿瘤疫苗和过继T细胞治疗方面的应用。
Immunotherapy is a promising treatment modality for cancer as it can promote specific and durable anti-cancer responses. However, limitations to current approaches remain. Therapeutics administered as soluble injections often require high doses and frequent re-dosing, which can result in systemic toxicities. Soluble bolus-based vaccine formulations typically elicit weak cellular immune responses, limiting their use for cancer. Current methods for ex vivo T cell expansion for adoptive T cell therapies are suboptimal, and achieving high T cell persistence and sustained functionality with limited systemic toxicity following transfer remains challenging. Biomaterials can play important roles in addressing some of these limitations. For example, nanomaterials can be employed as vehicles to deliver immune modulating payloads to specific tissues, cells, and cellular compartments with minimal off-target toxicity, or to co-deliver antigen and danger signal in therapeutic vaccine formulations. Alternatively, micro-to macroscale materials can be employed as devices for controlled molecular and cellular delivery, or as engineered microenvironments for recruiting and programming immune cells in situ. Recent work has demonstrated the potential for combining cancer immunotherapy and biomaterials, and the application of biomaterials to cancer immunotherapy is likely to enable the development of effective next-generation platforms. This review discusses the application of engineered materials for the delivery of immune modulating agents to the tumor microenvironment, therapeutic cancer vaccination, and adoptive T cell therapy.