Development and Molecular Cytogenetic Characterization of Cold-Hardy Perennial Wheatgrass Adapted to Northeastern China
Development and Molecular Cytogenetic Characterization of Cold-Hardy Perennial Wheatgrass Adapted to Northeastern China
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DOI：
10.3389/fpls.2020.00582
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发表时间：
2020-05
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Wei Yan;Xin Jin;Bo Jiang;X. Qi;Ya-xin Chen;Xinling Li;Xiaoqiang Liu;Yongkang Ren;Lei Cui-Lei
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Wei Yan;Xin Jin;Bo Jiang;X. Qi;Ya-xin Chen;Xinling Li;Xiaoqiang Liu;Yongkang Ren;Lei Cui-Lei
多年生耐寒小麦草在利用荒地耕作、保持水土、改良品种和提高产草量方面具有重要作用。通过八倍体三小偃麦草（2n = 8x = 56， AABBDDEE）与Thinopyrum中间体（2n = 6x = 42, StStJJJSJS）杂交，获得了34个F1 ~ F6代的多年生小麦草品系，这些品系具有较强的再生力和抗寒性。耐寒多年生小麦草品系对寒冷环境适应良好，根系和根茎发育，寿命在5 ~ 11年之间，结实率较高。有些品种保留了有利于多年生小麦育种的小麦染色体。分子细胞遗传学分析表明，Th。中间染色体在麦草杂交种合成基因组中贡献最大，与多年生生长习性和耐寒性有关。它们也被优先保留并传递给后代。一些小麦染色体也从F1代遗传到F6代，尽管它们在麦草杂交种的每个生命周期中都被消除了。小麦和Th的数量。中间染色体影响结实率和多年生生长习性。在后代中，随着更平衡的基因组结构的建立，结实率增加。培育出耐寒和多年生的小麦草品系，可作为在极端环境下生产适应良好的地被植物的驯化工作的起点。
Cold-hardy perennial wheatgrass plays an important role in the use of barren land for farming, soil and water conservation, variety improvement, and also for increasing grass yield. By crossing octoploid tritelytrigia (2n = 8x = 56, AABBDDEE) with Thinopyrum intermedium (2n = 6x = 42, StStJJJSJS), we developed 34 lines of perennial wheatgrass from F1 to F6 generations, which had vigorous regrowth and cold hardiness. The cold-hardy, perennial wheatgrass lines were well-adapted to the cold environment and developed root and rhizomes, with a longevity between 5 and 11 years and a better seed set. Some of them maintained wheat chromosomes beneficial for breeding perennial wheat. Molecular cytogenetic analysis demonstrated that the Th. intermedium chromosomes contributed the most to the synthetic genome of the wheatgrass hybrids and were associated with the perennial growth habit and winter hardiness. They were also preferentially maintained and transmitted to the progenies. Some wheat chromosomes were also transmitted from the F1 to F6 generations, although they were eliminated in each life cycle of the wheatgrass hybrids. The numbers of wheat and Th. intermedium chromosomes affected seed set and perennial growth habit. Seed set increased with the establishment of a more balanced genomic constitution in later generations. The cold-hardy and perennial wheatgrass lines were produced, which can be the starting point of domestication effort aimed at producing well-adapted ground cover plants under extreme environments.