A Closer Look at Intel Resource Director Technology (RDT)
A Closer Look at Intel Resource Director Technology (RDT)
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DOI：
10.1145/3534879.3534882
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发表时间：
2022-06
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Parul Sohal;M. Bechtel;R. Mancuso;H. Yun;Orran Krieger
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作者：
Parul Sohal;M. Bechtel;R. Mancuso;H. Yun;Orran Krieger
在内存层次结构不同级别上对共享资源的无竞争争议代表了时间干扰的主要来源。硬件制造商越来越接受时间干扰问题，并开始提出具体解决方案来减轻问题。英特尔资源总监技术（RDT）代表了一种尝试。鉴于英特尔平台的广泛采用，RDT功能可能是在复杂的多核机和多核机上合并实时系统的宝贵资产。不幸的是，迄今为止，尚未对RDT框架引入的功能进行系统分析。此外，对跨处理器世代的RDT原语的实现行为的实施特定行为没有明确的了解。最终，RDT提供实时保证的能力尚未建立。在我们的工作中，我们旨在从实时角度对RDT机制进行系统的研究。我们通过实验评估了两个最近两个处理器世代中RDT ADED分配和监视控制的功能和解释性。我们的评估表明，尽管缓存分配技术（CAT）等某些功能产生了令人鼓舞的结果，但其他原语的实施（例如内存带宽分配（MBA））具有很大的改进空间。此外，在某些情况下，所呈现的接口范围从模糊到不完整，MBA和内存带宽监视（MBM）也是如此。
Unarbitrated contention over shared resources at different levels of the memory hierarchy represents a major source of temporal interference. Hardware manufacturers are increasingly more receptive to issues with temporal interference and are starting to propose concrete solutions to mitigate the problem. Intel Resource Director Technology (RDT) represents one such attempt. Given the wide adoption of Intel platforms, RDT features can be an invaluable asset for the consolidation of real-time systems on complex multi- and many-core machines. Unfortunately, to date, a systematic analysis of the capabilities introduced by the RDT framework has not yet been conducted. Moreover, no clear understanding has been matured about the implementation-specific behavior of RDT primitives across processor generations. And ultimately, the ability of RDT to provide real-time guarantees is yet to be established. In our work, we aim at conducting a systematic investigation of the RDT mechanisms from a real-time perspective. We experimentally evaluate the functionality and interpretability of RDT-aided allocation and monitoring controls across the two most recent processor generations. Our evaluations show that while some features like Cache Allocation Technology (CAT) yield promising results, the implementation of other primitives such as Memory Bandwidth Allocation (MBA) has much room for improvement. Moreover, in some cases, the presented interfaces range from blurry to incomplete, as is the case for MBA and Memory Bandwidth Monitoring (MBM).