Jim Zimmerman and the SQUID
Jim Zimmerman and the SQUID
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吉姆·齐默尔曼和鱿鱼
DOI：
10.1109/77.919524
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发表时间：
2001
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
R. Kautz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Kautz
吉姆齐默尔曼的职业生涯，开始与一个坚实的基础，在电子和低温，达到了一个转折点，在1965年，当他成为共同发明的射频SQUID（超导量子干涉仪），而工作在科学实验室的福特汽车公司在迪尔伯恩，密歇根州。认识到SQUID作为放大器和磁力计的灵敏度，齐默尔曼将他在福特和后来在国家标准局的职业生涯的剩余时间投入到SQUID及其应用的进一步发展中。1969年，齐默尔曼还帮助建立了SHE公司，该公司销售了第一台商业上成功的SQUID。在国家统计局工作期间，齐默尔曼引入了两种变化，SQUID梯度计和分数圈SQUID，以提高SQUID在特殊情况下的灵敏度。他还开发了一个更好的理解SQUID动力学探索钟摆模拟使用精心制作的模型，工作，受益于一代学生。齐默尔曼将SQUID投入工作，研究了它在计量学、生物磁学和生物物理学中的应用。值得注意的是，他参与了记录第一个用SQUID制作的心磁图和第一个诱发听觉反应的脑磁图的合作。后来，齐默尔曼探索了封闭循环制冷，作为使SQUID在实验室环境之外更有用的一种手段，并在1977年展示了一个由斯特林循环制冷机冷却到8.5 K的SQUID。人们记得齐默尔曼是因为他敏锐的物理洞察力，他的实验的优雅和简单，以及他愿意质疑生活各个方面的传统智慧。
The career of Jim Zimmerman, beginning with a solid foundation in electronics and cryogenics, reached a turning point in 1965 when he became coinventor of the rf SQUID (Superconducting QUantum Interference Device), while working at the Scientific Laboratory of the Ford Motor Company in Dearborn, Michigan. Recognizing the exquisite sensitivity of the SQUID as an amplifier and magnetometer, Zimmerman devoted the remainder of his career, at Ford and later at the National Bureau of Standards, to the further development of the SQUID and its applications. In 1969, Zimmerman also helped found SHE Corporation, which marketed the first commercially successful SQUID. While at NBS, Zimmerman introduced two variations, the SQUID gradiometer and the fractional-turn SQUID, to enhance the sensitivity of SQUIDs in special situations. He also developed an improved understanding of SQUID dynamics by exploring the pendulum analog using carefully made models, work that has benefited a generation of students. Putting the SQUID to work, Zimmerman investigated applications in metrology, biomagnetism, and geophysics. Notably, he participated in collaborations that recorded the first magnetocardiogram made with a SQUID and the first magnetoencephalogram of an evoked auditory response. Later, Zimmerman explored closed-cycle refrigeration as a means of making SQUIDs more useful outside the laboratory environment, and in 1977 he demonstrated an operating SQUID cooled to 8.5 K by a Stirling-cycle refrigerator made largely of plastic. Zimmerman is remembered for his keen physical insight, the elegance and simplicity of his experiments, and his willingness to question conventional wisdom in all aspects of life.