Harmonizing Global Care Policy? Care and the Commission on the Status of Women
Harmonizing Global Care Policy? Care and the Commission on the Status of Women
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协调全球护理政策？
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发表时间：
2010
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通讯作者：
Kate Bedford
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作者：
Kate Bedford
2009年3月，联合国会员国在纽约举行妇女地位委员会会议，除其他外，讨论了“男女平等分担责任，包括对艾滋病毒/艾滋病患者的护理”这一优先主题。这次会议提供了一个前所未有的机会，使国际社会集中关注护理问题，并产生商定结论，为护理政策制定路线图，可能影响国家立法、联合国实体通过的政策和未来的国际协定。通过对参与者的访谈和对官方文件的概述，本文试图总结2009年CSW的成就，并建议下一步有关护理的政策对话可能会有帮助。
更具体地说，本文件旨在促进实现三个关键目标：㈠确定平等分担责任，包括照顾艾滋病毒/艾滋病患者的责任的政策框架是如何形成的; ㈡确定通过这一框架形成的政策联盟;（iii）确定第五十三届会议取得的主要成就，同时审查商定结论可能使今后围绕护理问题说些什么和做些什么。本报告旨在通过这种方式，对2009年妇女地位委员会会议前后形成的护理问题新全球政策议程进行支持性和批判性审查。
关于所取得的成就，该文件认为，与男女平等分担责任有关的护理框架被证明是一个非常广泛的框架。它成功地团结了广泛的行为者，包括过去曾动员起来反对其他两性平等倡议的保守的信仰行为者。这一广泛的框架促进了第五十三届会议在护理政策方面取得的三个关键进展：㈠会员国和其他行为者就整个联合国系统护理的重要性达成共识，特别是在艾滋病毒方面; ㈡就强有力的国家责任达成共识; ㈢就护理者参与政策辩论的核心地位达成共识。这些进展可能证明在以下方面具有重要意义：在联合国内部增加对护理的关注，在经济衰退期间保护护理服务不受国家削减的影响，以及帮助民间社会行为体围绕护理，特别是与艾滋病毒有关的护理进行动员。此外，2009年妇女地位委员会达成的协议可能代表着围绕经济公正问题在两性平等场所的重要性出现了新的共识，因为国家服务的前景和自由市场增长模式面临的挑战。
在试图考虑护理对话可能有益的重点下，本文结束了两个问题的讨论，在2009年妇女地位委员会关注较少：残疾和家庭形成的多样性。这两个问题与联合国和其他地方的护理辩论高度相关，有助于推动全球政策朝着富有成效的方向前进。也就是说，政策对话需要重新制定，以考虑到这些问题。这项任务将在某种程度上挑战2009年妇女地位委员会就护理问题达成的共识。例如，通过统一关注护理工作，在推进全球性别平等项目方面取得的进展，部分是基于对护理人员是核心行为者的共识，这一立场受到残疾人行动主义和学术界的挑战。同样，2009年妇女地位委员会达成的协议在许多方面巩固了这样一种观念，即私有化的核心家庭单位是普遍可取的提供照料的模式，这一观念受到一系列行为者的挑战，他们承认大家庭成员在照料中的作用，和/或希望为提供照料的各种形式争取更多的支持。如果要与这些行为者建立和加强新的联盟，就必须重新安排有关护理的辩论。本文件试图阐明2009年妇女地位委员会达成的商定结论对今后确保护理服务的努力的巨大价值，同时也旨在探讨这些协议的局限性，并强调继续就护理问题进行对话以解决目前的排斥问题的重要性。
In March 2009 Member States of the United Nations met in New York at the Commission on the Status of Women (CSW) to discuss, among other things, the priority theme of “The equal sharing of responsibilities between women and men, including care-giving in the context of HIV/AIDS”. This meeting provided an unprecedented opportunity to focus the international community’s attention on care issues and to generate Agreed Conclusions that would lay out a roadmap for care policy, potentially influencing national legislation, policies adopted by UN entities and future international agreements. Using interviews with participants and an overview of official documentation, this paper seeks to summarize the achievements of the 2009 CSW, and to suggest where policy conversations about care might usefully focus next.
More specifically, the paper aims to contribute to three key objectives: (i) identify the narrative(s) of how the policy frame of equal sharing of responsibilities, including care-giving in the context of HIV/AIDS, came into being; (ii) identify the policy alliances generated through that frame; and (iii) identify the key achievements forged at the 53rd session, while examining what the Agreed Conclusions might make possible to say and do around care issues in the future. In this way it aims to provide a supportive and critical examination of the emerging global policy agenda on care issues as crystallized in the meetings around the 2009 CSW.
With regard to the achievements, the paper argues that the frame of care, linked as it was to the equal sharing of responsibility between men and women, proved an exceptionally expansive one. It successfully united a wide range of actors, including conservative faith-based actors who had mobilized against other gender equality initiatives in the past. This expansive frame facilitated three key advances in care policy at the 53rd session: (i) consensus among Member States and other actors on the significance of care across the UN system, especially in relation to HIV; (ii) consensus on a strong state responsibility; and (iii) consensus on the centrality of care-givers’ participation in debates over policy. These advances may prove significant in increasing attention to care within the United Nations, defending care services from state cutbacks in a recession, and helping civil society actors mobilize around care, especially as related to HIV. In addition, the agreements made at the 2009 CSW may represent the emergence of a new consensus around the importance of economic justice issues in gender equality venues, given the foregrounding of state services and the challenge to free-market models of growth witnessed there.
In an attempt to consider where care conversations might usefully focus next, the paper closes with a discussion of two issues that received less attention at the 2009 CSW: disability and diversity of family formation. These two issues are highly relevant to care debates, at the UN level and elsewhere, and can help move global policy forward in fruitful directions. That said, policy conversations will need to be reframed to take them into account. This task will in some ways challenge the consensus on care forged at the 2009 CSW. For example, the progress made in carrying forward the global gender equality project via a unifying focus on care is in part based on a consensus about care-givers as the central actors, a position challenged by disability activism and scholarship. Likewise, the agreements forged at the 2009 CSW in many ways entrenched the notion that privatized nuclear family units were a universally desirable model for care provision, a notion challenged by a range of actors who recognize the role of extended family members in care, and/or who want to secure more support for the diverse forms through which care is provided. A reframing of care debates will be necessary if new alliances with such actors are to be forged and strengthened. While the paper seeks to explicate the immense value of the Agreed Conclusions forged at the 2009 CSW for future efforts to secure care services, it also aims to explore the limitations of those agreements and highlight the importance of continuing the conversation on care to grapple with current exclusions.