Gender and the labor market: What have we learned from field and lab experiments?
Gender and the labor market: What have we learned from field and lab experiments?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.labeco.2014.06.005
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发表时间：
2014-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Petrongolo, Barbara
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Azmat, Ghazala;Petrongolo, Barbara
我们讨论了传统的和以前未探索的性别差异方面的理解的实验文献的贡献，并讨论其对劳动力市场结果的影响。实验提供了关于性别歧视的新发现，虽然他们发现了在某些劳动力市场领域对雇用妇女的偏见，但在实地实验中发现的歧视不如回归方法所暗示的那样普遍。实验还为偏好的性别差异提供了新的见解：女性似乎从谈判中获得的收益较少，对风险和竞争的偏好低于男性，并且可能对社会线索更敏感。这些偏好上的性别差异也会影响到群体环境，即群体的性别组成会影响团队的决策和绩效。大多数关于性别特征的证据来自实验室，关键的开放性问题仍然是性别偏好的来源先天与后天，或者他们的相互作用，以及他们在工作场所的角色，如果有的话。(C)2014爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
We discuss the contribution of the experimental literature to the understanding of both traditional and previously unexplored dimensions of gender differences and discuss their bearings on labor market outcomes. Experiments have offered new findings on gender discrimination, and while they have identified a bias against hiring women in some labor market segments, the discrimination detected in field experiments is less pervasive than that implied by the regression approach. Experiments have also offered new insights into gender differences in preferences: women appear to gain less from negotiation, have lower preferences than men for risk and competition, and may be more sensitive to social cues. These gender differences in preferences also have implications in group settings, whereby the gender composition of a group affects team decisions and performance. Most of the evidence on gender traits comes from the lab, and key open questions remain as to the source of gender preferences-nature versus nurture, or their interaction-and their role, if any, in the workplace. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.