The development of an index of rural deprivation: A case study of Norfolk, England
The development of an index of rural deprivation: A case study of Norfolk, England
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DOI：
10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.09.019
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发表时间：
2019-04-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Jones, Andy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Burke, Amanda;Jones, Andy
自20世纪80年代中期以来，地理剥夺指数，如英国多重残疾指数（IMD），已被广泛用于医疗保健研究和规划。然而，这些指数通常衡量整个人口的不利状况，可能不灵活，无法适应特定的地理或目的。这可能是一个问题，因为贫困的测量是主观的和情境相对的，在农村地区经历的贫困类型可能不同于城市居民所经历的，本研究的目的是开发一个农村贫困指数（RDI）使用的诺福克英国县作为案例研究，但为了采取灵活的方法，可以在其他地方使用。有人认为，在这项研究中开发的模型提供了清晰的过程中，人口指数和加权它为一个特定的目的，如农村贫困。这是通过将适用于城市和农村贫困的高度相关的指标“捆绑”到一个领域，并为与确定利益相关的指标（在这种情况下是农村地区）创建一个单独的领域来实现的。另一个领域是考虑到农村地区的人口差异。最后，制定了一种方法来衡量小地区内贫困的变化。RDI导致诺福克更多的农村地区落入最贫困的五分之一，特别是那些被归类为“稀疏设置的农村城镇和边缘”的地区;这些地区也有很高的异质性的剥夺时，使用的变异性措施创建。这个模型提出的有可能提供一个起点，为那些谁希望建立一个概括的剥夺措施，考虑到农村，或其他当地地理因素，并且作为可用于分配或申请资源的一系列方法的一部分。
Geographical deprivation indices such as the English Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) have been widely used in healthcare research and planning since the mid-1980s. However, such indices normally provide a measure of disadvantage for the whole population and can be inflexible to adaptation for specific geographies or purposes. This can be an issue, as the measurement of deprivation is subjective and situationally relative, and the type of deprivation experienced within rural areas may differ from that experienced by urban residents.The objective of this study was to develop a Rural Deprivation Index (RDI) using the English county of Norfolk as a case study, but with a view to adopting a flexible approach that could be used elsewhere. It is argued that the model developed in this research gives clarity to the process of populating an index and weighting it for a specific purpose such as rural deprivation. This is achieved by 'bundling' highly correlated indicators that are applicable to both urban and rural deprivation into one domain, and creating a separate domain for indicators relevant to the setting of interest, in this case rural areas. A further domain is proposed to account for population differences in rural areas. Finally, a method was developed to measure variability in deprivation within small areas. The RDI results in more rural areas in Norfolk falling in the most deprived quintile, particularly those classified as 'Rural town and fringe in sparse settings'; these areas also have high levels of heterogeneity of deprivation when using the variability measure created.This model proposed has the potential to provide a starting point for those who wish to create a summary deprivation measure taking into account rurality, or other local geographic factors, and as part of a range of approaches that can be used to allocate, or apply for, resources.