Multiple roads lead to Rome: combined high-intensity aerobic and strength training vs. gross motor activities leads to equivalent improvement in executive functions in a cohort of healthy older adults
Multiple roads lead to Rome: combined high-intensity aerobic and strength training vs. gross motor activities leads to equivalent improvement in executive functions in a cohort of healthy older adults
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/s11357-014-9710-8
复制
发表时间：
2014-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Bosquet, Laurent
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Berryman, Nicolas;Bherer, Louis;Bosquet, Laurent
在过去的十年里，体育运动对老年人认知的影响已经得到了广泛的研究。不同的干预措施，如有氧、力量和大运动训练计划，都导致了认知功能的改善。然而，体力活动和认知之间的关系背后的机制仍然知之甚少。最近，有研究表明，在相对运动强度较高的情况下，剧烈运动会导致执行控制能力下降。考虑到衰老的特征是势能((VO2)-O-中心点最大能量成本)的降低，这导致在相同的绝对速度下相对步行强度更高，因此可以认为，任何旨在降低机车任务相对强度的干预措施都将改善步行时的执行控制。本研究的目的是确定短期(8周)高强度力量和有氧训练计划对健康老年人队列中执行功能(单任务和双任务)的影响。包括51名参与者，其中47人(年龄，70.7+/-5.6岁)完成了这项研究，比较了三种干预措施的效果：下半身力量+有氧训练(LBS-A)、上半身力量+有氧训练(UBS-A)和大运动活动(GMA)。每周进行3次培训。在干预前后对双重任务中的身体健康(有氧、神经肌肉和身体成分)和认知功能(RNG)进行了评估。尽管LBS-A和UBS-A干预将势能提高到更高的水平(效果大小：LBS-A-中等，UBS-A-小，GMA-微不足道)，但所有组在认知功能方面都表现出同等的改善，抑制对干预更敏感。这些发现表明，针对身体健康和/或粗大运动技能的不同运动计划可能会在健康的老年人中导致同样的认知改善。这些结果要求进一步研究体育锻炼影响老年人认知的多种生理途径。
The effects of physical activity on cognition in older adults have been extensively investigated in the last decade. Different interventions such as aerobic, strength, and gross motor training programs have resulted in improvements in cognitive functions. However, the mechanisms underlying the relationship between physical activity and cognition are still poorly understood. Recently, it was shown that acute bouts of exercise resulted in reduced executive control at higher relative exercise intensities. Considering that aging is characterized by a reduction in potential energy ((VO2)-O-center dot max-energy cost of walking), which leads to higher relative walking intensity for the same absolute speed, it could be argued that any intervention aimed at reducing the relative intensity of the locomotive task would improve executive control while walking. The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of a short-term (8 weeks) high-intensity strength and aerobic training program on executive functions (single and dual task) in a cohort of healthy older adults. Fifty-one participants were included and 47 (age, 70.7 +/- 5.6) completed the study which compared the effects of three interventions: lower body strength + aerobic training (LBS-A), upper body strength + aerobic training (UBS-A), and gross motor activities (GMA). Training sessions were held 3 times every week. Both physical fitness (aerobic, neuromuscular, and body composition) and cognitive functions (RNG) during a dual task were assessed before and after the intervention. Even though the LBS-A and UBS-A interventions increased potential energy to a higher level (Effect size: LBS-A-moderate, UBS-A-small, GMA-trivial), all groups showed equivalent improvement in cognitive function, with inhibition being more sensitive to the intervention. These findings suggest that different exercise programs targeting physical fitness and/or gross motor skills may lead to equivalent improvement in cognition in healthy older adults. Such results call for further investigation of the multiple physiological pathways by which physical exercise can impact cognition in older adults.