Role of built environments in physical activity, obesity, and cardiovascular disease.
Role of built environments in physical activity, obesity, and cardiovascular disease.
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DOI：
10.1161/circulationaha.110.969022
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发表时间：
2012-02-07
期刊：
影响因子：
37.8
通讯作者：
Saelens BE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sallis JF;Floyd MF;Rodríguez DA;Saelens BE
在美国和瑞典等工业化国家，绝大多数成年人没有达到每周150分钟的体力活动标准。不活跃的生活方式使大多数成年人面临心血管疾病(CVD)、糖尿病、肥胖症、一些癌症、骨质疏松症和心理障碍的风险。从最初的预防(预防危险因素)到治疗和康复，体力活动在慢性病管理的所有阶段都是有效的。人们特别感兴趣的是，体育锻炼是否有可能预防慢性病，从而提高生活质量和降低医疗保健成本。在过去的十年里，人们认识到了主要以教育和激励计划的个人为目标的预防方法的局限性，引发了一种趋势，即考虑对人之外的行为的影响，如建筑环境。本文的目的是描述应用于体力活动的多层次行为生态学模型，描述关键概念，总结建筑环境属性与体力活动和肥胖之间关系的证据，并为可能增加体力活动的建筑环境变化提供建议。这项非系统审查的目的是提出以前审查的结论，然后通过突出选定的研究来说明结果。
In industrialized nations like the United States and Sweden, the vast majority of adults do not meet the physical activity guidelines of 150 minutes per week. Inactive lifestyles put most adults at risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), diabetes, obesity, some cancers, osteoporosis, and psychological disorders. Physical activity can be effective at all phases of chronic disease management, from primordial prevention (prevention of risk factors) through treatment and rehabilitation. There is particular interest in the potential for physical activity to prevent chronic diseases, thereby improving quality of life and reducing health care costs. In the past decade, limitations of prevention approaches that target mainly individuals with educational and motivational programs have been recognized, triggering a trend to consider influences on behavior that are outside the person, such as the built environment. The purposes of the present paper are to describe multilevel ecological models of behavior as they apply to physical activity, describe key concepts, summarize evidence on the relation of built environment attributes to physical activity and obesity, and provide recommendations for built environment changes that could increase physical activity. The intent of this non-systematic review is to present conclusions from previous reviews then illustrate results by highlighting selected studies.