Usenix Association 10th Usenix Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (nsdi '13) 459 Stochastic Forecasts Achieve High Throughput and Low Delay over Cellular Networks
Usenix Association 10th Usenix Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (nsdi '13) 459 Stochastic Forecasts Achieve High Throughput and Low Delay over Cellular Networks
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发表时间：
2013-04
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通讯作者：
Keith Winstein;Anirudh Sivaraman;H. Balakrishnan
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作者：
Keith Winstein;Anirudh Sivaraman;H. Balakrishnan
Sprout 是一种端到端传输协议，适用于需要高吞吐量和低延迟的交互式应用程序。 Sprout 在蜂窝无线网络上运行良好，其中链路速度随着时间的推移而发生巨大变化，并且当前协议在网络网关中建立了多秒的队列。 Sprout 不使用 TCP 式的反应式拥塞控制；相反，接收方观察数据包到达时间来推断网络路径的不确定动态。此推断用于预测发送方可以发送多少字节，同时限制数据包在网络内延迟太长时间的风险。在对四个商用LTE和3G网络的跟踪评估中，与Skype相比，Sprout将自造成的端到端延迟减少了7.9倍，平均传输比特率达到了2.2倍。与Google的Hangout相比，Sprout将延迟降低了7.2倍，同时实现了4.4倍的比特率；与苹果的Facetime相比，Sprout将延迟降低了8.7倍，同时实现了1.9倍的比特率。虽然它是端到端的，但 Sprout 与运行在 CoDel 主动队列管理算法上的 TCP Cubic 相匹配或优于 TCP Cubic，后者需要更改蜂窝运营商设备才能部署。我们还测试了 Sprout 作为一种隧道来承载竞争性交互和批量流量（Skype 和 TCP Cubic），并发现 Sprout 能够将客户端应用程序流彼此隔离。
Sprout is an end-to-end transport protocol for interactive applications that desire high throughput and low delay. Sprout works well over cellular wireless networks, where link speeds change dramatically with time, and current protocols build up multi-second queues in network gateways. Sprout does not use TCP-style reactive congestion control; instead the receiver observes the packet arrival times to infer the uncertain dynamics of the network path. This inference is used to forecast how many bytes may be sent by the sender, while bounding the risk that packets will be delayed inside the network for too long. In evaluations on traces from four commercial LTE and 3G networks, Sprout, compared with Skype, reduced self-inflicted end-to-end delay by a factor of 7.9 and achieved 2.2× the transmitted bit rate on average. Compared with Google's Hangout, Sprout reduced delay by a factor of 7.2 while achieving 4.4× the bit rate, and compared with Apple's Facetime, Sprout reduced delay by a factor of 8.7 with 1.9× the bit rate. Although it is end-to-end, Sprout matched or outperformed TCP Cubic running over the CoDel active queue management algorithm, which requires changes to cellular carrier equipment to deploy. We also tested Sprout as a tunnel to carry competing interactive and bulk traffic (Skype and TCP Cubic), and found that Sprout was able to isolate client application flows from one another.