Slow episodic movement driven by elevated pore-fluid pressures in shallow subaqueous slopes

Slow episodic movement driven by elevated pore-fluid pressures in shallow subaqueous slopes
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浅水下斜坡中孔隙流体压力升高驱动的缓慢间歇运动

DOI:
10.1016/j.geomorph.2018.12.034
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发表时间:
2019
期刊:
影响因子:
3.9
通讯作者:
Carey J
Carey J
中科院分区:
地球科学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Carey J

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水下斜坡易受各种破坏机制和变形方式的影响,其中许多还没有得到很好的表征。我们进行了新的实验室为基础的测试,使用动态背压剪切盒从一个地区收集的样本进行持续的斜坡故障,位于新西兰的Hikurangi边缘的上斜坡,以确定如何增加孔隙水和气体压力产生浅层质量运动。使用水和氮气,我们观察到类似的反应,在这两种情况下,表明行为是由正常的有效应力状态,而不管孔隙流体相。剪切应变积累,代表滑坡运动,表现出一个缓慢的幕式模式,在许多浅的陆地滑坡。我们的研究结果是相关的滑坡发生在浅近地表沉积序列,但深层次的滑坡行为的影响。他们认为,一旦运动开始在一个关键的有效应力,它的速度是通过剪切带内的膨胀和孔隙扩张,暂时增加有效应力在一个狭窄的剪切带和抑制快速剪切调节。因此,在某些条件下,浅海底滑坡(如扩展故障)可以经历缓慢的幕式运动,使他们能够积累大的剪切应变,而不会加速到灾难性的运动,即使当他们不受约束。
Subaqueous slopes are susceptible to a broad range of failure mechanisms and deformation styles, many of which are not well characterised. We undertook novel laboratory-based testing using a Dynamic Back-Pressured Shearbox on samples collected from an area subject to ongoing slope failures, situated on the upper slope of New Zealand's Hikurangi Margin, to determine how increases in pore water and gas pressures generate shallow mass movement. Using both water and nitrogen gas we observed similar responses in both cases, indicating that behaviour is dominated by the normal effective stress state regardless of pore-fluid phase. Shear-strain accumulation, representing landslide movement, shows a slow episodic pattern, in common with many shallow terrestrial landslides. Our results are relevant for landslides occurring in shallow near surface sedimentary sequences but have implications for deep-seated landslide behaviour. They suggest that once movement initiates at a critical effective stress, its rate is regulated through dilation and pore expansion within the shear zone, temporarily increasing effective stress within a narrow shear band and suppressing rapid shear. Consequently, under certain conditions, shallow submarine landslides (e.g. spreading failures) can undergo slow episodic movement which allows them to accumulate large shear strains without accelerating to catastrophic movement even when they are unconstrained.
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