The development of sex differences in play in wild white‐faced capuchins ( Cebus capucinus )
The development of sex differences in play in wild white‐faced capuchins ( Cebus capucinus )
复制标题
野生白脸卷尾猴 (Cebus capucinus) 玩耍中性别差异的发展
DOI：
10.1002/ajp.23434
复制
发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Perry, Susan E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Winkler, Sasha L.;Perry, Susan E.
许多哺乳动物在游戏行为的频率上表现出性别差异，但动物文献中很少有关于游戏的纵向研究，这些研究对于理解性别差异的发育时间和游戏的进化功能很重要。我们对38只野生白面卷尾猴(卷尾猴Cebus capucinus)进行了18年的数据收集，分析了它们的社交游戏、单独游戏和梳理。每种行为的比率是根据个体参与每种行为的焦点跟踪期间采集的点样本的比例来衡量的。为了确定这些比率中的性别差异，我们运行了一系列广义线性混合模型，同时考虑了年龄的线性和二次效应，并根据信息标准为三种行为结果中的每一种选择了最优模型。社交游戏和单独游戏的比率都随着年龄的增长而下降，但男性的社交游戏除外，在青少年早期有所增加，然后下降。雄性和雌性卷尾猴具有不同的社会游戏发展模式，在幼年期的大部分时间里，雄性卷尾猴比雌性卷尾猴玩得更多，但它们在单独游戏率上没有显著的性别差异。此外，男性和女性在一生中有不同的修饰模式：男性一生中参与修饰的比例很低，而成年女性参与修饰的比例要高得多，在11岁左右达到顶峰，然后下降。我们认为，雄性和雌性白面卷尾猴可能采取不同的社会纽带策略，包括不同的发育时间和不同的行为(雄性的社会游戏与雌性的梳理)。我们的结果与游戏的两个功能假说，即练习假说和结合假说是一致的。这项研究表明，游戏行为可能对特定性别的社会策略的发展至关重要，并强调了社会行为发展观的重要性。
Many mammalian species display sex differences in the frequency of play behavior, yet the animal literature includes few longitudinal studies of play, which are important for understanding the developmental timing of sex differences and the evolutionary functions of play. We analyzed social play, solitary play, and grooming using an 18‐year data set on 38 wild white‐faced capuchin monkeys (Cebus capucinus) followed since infancy. Rates of each behavior were measured as the proportion of point samples taken during focal follows in which the individual engaged in each behavior. To determine sex differences in these rates, we ran a series of generalized linear mixed models, considering both linear and quadratic effects of age, and chose the optimal model for each of the three behavioral outcomes based on information criteria. Rates of both social play and solitary play decreased with age, with the exception of social play in males, which increased in the early juvenile period before decreasing. Male and female capuchins had different developmental patterns of social play, with males playing more than females during most of the juvenile period, but they did not display meaningful sex differences in solitary play rates. Additionally, males and females had different patterns of grooming over the lifespan: males participated in grooming at low rates throughout their lives, while adult females participated in grooming at much higher rates, peaking around age 11 years before declining. We suggest that male and female white‐faced capuchins may adopt alternative social bonding strategies, including different developmental timing and different behaviors (social play for males vs. grooming for females). Our results were consistent with two functional hypotheses of play, the practice and bonding hypotheses. This study demonstrates that play behavior may be critical for the development of sex‐specific social strategies and emphasizes the importance of developmental perspectives on social behaviors.