Bacteria, Colonic Fermentation, and Gastrointestinal Health
Bacteria, Colonic Fermentation, and Gastrointestinal Health
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DOI：
10.5740/jaoacint.sge_macfarlane
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发表时间：
2012-01-01
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Macfarlane, Sandra
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Macfarlane, George T.;Macfarlane, Sandra
结肠微生物群在人体消化生理学中起着重要作用，并对大肠内稳态做出重大贡献。微生物组可能包括数千种不同的细菌物种。结肠微生物的主要代谢活动与碳水化合物和蛋白质消化有关。饮食和宿主来源的营养素支持肠道微生物的生长。短链脂肪酸（SCFA），主要是乙酸酯，丙酸酯和丁酸酯，是碳水化合物和蛋白质分解过程中产生的主要代谢产物。相比之下，蛋白质消化产生更大多样性的终产物，包括SCFA、胺、酚、吲哚、硫醇、CO2、H-2和H2S，其中许多具有毒性。大多数SCFA从肠道吸收并在各种身体组织中代谢，对身体的日常能量需求做出相对较小但重要的贡献。在大多数情况下，碳水化合物发酵是大肠中的有益过程，因为糖解细菌的生长刺激它们对与腐败相关的有毒产物的需求，用于掺入细胞蛋白质中，从而保护宿主。然而，随着消化物质沿着肠道移动，碳水化合物被耗尽，这可能与远端肠道中结肠疾病的患病率增加有关。
The colonic microbiota plays an important role in human digestive physiology and makes a significant contribution to homeostasis in the large bowel. The microbiome probably comprises thousands of different bacterial species. The principal metabolic activities of colonic microorganisms are associated with carbohydrate and protein digestion. Nutrients of dietary and host origin support the growth of intestinal organisms. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), predominantly acetate, propionate, and butyrate, are the principal metabolites generated during the catabolism of carbohydrates and proteins. In contrast, protein digestion yields a greater diversity of end products, including SCFAs, amines, phenols, indoles, thiols, CO2, H-2, and H2S, many of which have toxic properties. The majority of SCFAs are absorbed from the gut and metabolized in various body tissues, making a relatively small but significant contribution to the body's daily energy requirements. Carbohydrate fermentation is, for the most part, a beneficial process in the large gut, because the growth of saccharolytic bacteria stimulates their requirements for toxic products associated with putrefaction, for incorporation into cellular proteins, thereby protecting the host. However, as digestive materials move along the gut, carbohydrates become depleted, which may be linked to the increased prevalence of colonic disease in the distal bowel.