Influence of Agricultural Practices on the Contamination of Maize by Fumonisin Mycotoxins
Influence of Agricultural Practices on the Contamination of Maize by Fumonisin Mycotoxins
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DOI：
10.4315/0362-028x-72.4.898
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发表时间：
2009-04-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Herrera, A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Arino, A.;Herrera, M.;Herrera, A.
本工作的目的是调查不同的农业实践对伏马菌素真菌毒素污染玉米的影响。在2007作物年度，从位于阿拉贡（西班牙东北部）的16个玉米田收集玉米样品。在不同的成熟阶段从每个田地收集玉米样品五次：F1，第0天（乳玉米）; F2，第15天; F3，第30天（黄玉米）; F4，第45天;和F5，收获时的成熟玉米。评价的农业实践包括种子类型（常规和转基因）、种植方法（干种和湿种）、耕作制度（翻耕和少耕）、灌溉类型（洪水和喷灌）、前茬作物残留物管理（清除和掩埋）、氮肥水平（每公顷公斤氮）和收获日期。用ROSA伏马菌素试验进行真菌毒素分析，该试验通过侧流免疫测定法测量伏马菌素B（1）和B（2）。在乳玉米（F1和F2阶段）中未检测到伏马菌素。F3黄玉米中只有一个田地含有伏马菌素（1，037 μ g/kg）;该田地是唯一一个受螟虫影响的农场的一部分。三分之一的田地在F4阶段具有伏马菌素（363 μ g/kg），并且62.5%的田地在F5收获阶段具有伏马菌素阳性（520 μ g/kg）。湿润种植和清除前一茬作物的碎屑显著降低了玉米中伏马菌素的风险。使用抗虫玉米种子往往会降低伏马菌素水平。然而，较高水平的氮肥有增加玉米中伏马菌素水平的趋势。耕作制度，灌溉类型和收获日期对伏马菌素水平没有明显的影响。
The objective of the present work was to investigate the effect of different agricultural practices on the contamination of maize by fumonisin mycotoxins. Corn samples were collected from 16 maize fields located in Aragon (northeastern Spain) during the 2007 crop year. Corn samples were collected from each field five times at different maturation stages: F1, day 0 (milky corn); F2, day 15; F3, day 30 (yellow corn); F4, day 45; and F5, ripe corn at harvest. The agricultural practices evaluated were type of seed (conventional and transgenic), planting method (dry and wet planting), tillage system (plowing and minimum tillage), type of irrigation (flood and sprinkler), residue management of preceding crop (removal and burial), nitrogen fertilization level (kg N per ha), and harvest date. Mycotoxin analysis was carried out with the ROSA Fumonisin test, which measures both fumonisin B(1) and B(2) by lateral flow immunoassay. No fumonisins were detected in milky corn (F1 and F2 stages). Only one field had fumonisins in F3 yellow corn (1,037 mu g/kg); this field was part of the only farm affected by borer insects. One-third of fields had fumonisins at the F4 stage (363 mu g/kg), and 62.5% of the fields were positive for fumonisins at the F5 harvest stage (520 mu g/kg). Wet planting and the removal of debris from the previous crop significantly lowered the risk of fumonisin in corn. The use of insect-resistant maize seeds tended to reduce fumonisin levels. However, higher levels of nitrogen fertilizer had a tendency to increase fumonisin levels in corn. Tillage system, type of irrigation, and harvest date had no clear effect on fumonisin levels.