Dynamics of a novel pathogen in an avian host: Mycoplasmal conjunctivitis in house finches
Dynamics of a novel pathogen in an avian host: Mycoplasmal conjunctivitis in house finches
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DOI：
10.1016/j.actatropica.2005.01.009
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发表时间：
2005-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Sydenstricker, KV
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dhondt, AA;Altizer, S;Sydenstricker, KV
1994年初，鸡毒支原体（MG）的一种新菌株-一种在世界范围内分布的家禽病原体-出现在野生家雀中，并在3年内在北美东部范围内达到流行比例。随后的动物流行病导致宿主种群迅速下降，加上流行率的季节性波动。为了了解这种疾病系统的动态，由生物学家，兽医，微生物学家和数学建模师组成的多学科团队开始确定驱动和影响这种宿主-病原体系统的因素。在广泛的地理范围内，志愿观察员（“公民科学家”）收集和报告用于计算宿主丰度和疾病流行率的数据。这项监测计划的规模是前所未有的，它一直是康奈尔鸟类学实验室的研究人员在空间和时间上跟踪疾病传播和严重程度的宝贵数据来源。在更精细的尺度上，局部和密集的实地研究提供了用于通过捕获-标记-再捕获模型量化疾病对宿主人口统计学参数的影响的数据，宿主行为对疾病的影响，反之亦然，以及具有已知表型特征的鸟类的生物学和遗传学特征。为了平衡研究中基于实地的部分，我们用圈养的雀类进行了实验，以描述和量化实验感染对个体和社会环境中宿主的影响。这些不同的元素的调查的汇合提供了一个一般划分的流行病学模型的动力学的家雀MG系统的建设的基础。本文有几个目的，包括（i）病原体，宿主和流行周期的基本审查，60我们的研究策略的解释;（iii）从不同的多学科方法的结果的基本审查;和（iv）相关的问题，需要进一步调查，（c）2005年爱思唯尔B. V.保留所有权利。
In early 1994, a novel strain of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG)-a poultry pathogen with a world-wide distribution-emerged in wild house finches and within 3 years had reached epidemic proportions across their eastern North American range. The ensuing epizootic resulted in a rapid decline of the host population coupled with considerable seasonal fluctuations in prevalence. To understand the dynamics of this disease system, a multi-disciplinary team composed of biologists, veterinarians, microbiologists and mathematical modelers set forth to determine factors driving and influenced by this host-pathogen system. On a broad geographic scale, volunteer observers ("citizen scientists") collected and reported data used for calculating both host abundance and disease prevalence. The scale at which this monitoring initiative was conducted is unprecedented and it has been an invaluable source of data for researchers at the Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology to track the spread and magnitude of disease both spatially and temporally. At a finer scale, localized and intensive field studies provided data used to quantify the effects of disease on host demographic parameters via capture-mark-recapture modeling, effects of host behavior on disease and vice-versa, and the biological and genetic profiles of birds with known phenotypic characteristics. To balance the field-based component of the study, experiments were conducted with finches held in captivity to describe and quantify the effects of experimental infections on hosts in both individual and social settings. The confluence of these various elements of the investigation provided the foundation for construction of a general compartmentalized epidemiological model of the dynamics of the house finch-MG system. This paper serves several purposes including (i) a basic review of the pathogen, host, and epidemic cycle, 60 an explanation of our research strategy; (iii) a basic review of results from the diverse multi-disciplinary approaches employed: and (iv) pertinent questions relevant to this and other wildlife disease studies that require further investigation, (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.