Development of a physiological approach to measuring the catabolic diversity of soil microbial communities
Development of a physiological approach to measuring the catabolic diversity of soil microbial communities
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DOI：
10.1016/s0038-0717(97)00076-x
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发表时间：
1997-09-01
影响因子：
9.7
通讯作者：
Harris, JA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Degens, BP;Harris, JA
提出了一种评价土壤微生物分解代谢多样性的生理学方法。该方法利用基质诱导呼吸（SIR）之间的差异：微生物群落对简单有机化合物的反应来量化分解代谢多样性。调查分三个阶段进行：（1）选择合适的底物浓度;（2）选择底物;（3）应用该方法评估长期和短期内在土壤中形成的分解代谢多样性。在4种土壤（3个牧场和1个森林）中，使用12种选自氨基酸、羧酸、聚合物和碳水化合物的基质，测定了4小时以上最佳呼吸响应的基质浓度。对于大多数底物，一般在两倍浓度范围内可获得最大SIR响应。这些结果被用来选择底物浓度测试SIR响应的5种土壤（三个牧场，一个耕地，一个森林）83单糖，羧酸，氨基酸，聚合物，胺和酰胺。主成分分析（PCA）和计算的标准误差的个别基板响应土壤被用来确定36个基板提供最大的差异SIR响应之间的五种土壤。SIR响应配置文件，确定使用36个基板在不同的管理下（草地牧场，牧草牧场，2年牧场，耕地）和葡萄糖修正土壤中超过3周。分析表明，基质之间的SIR响应的差异逐渐下降，从牧场到耕地土壤的土壤干扰的增加。在前7 d，土壤微生物生物量C增加了1.35-福特，但分解代谢多样性变化不大。生理技术提供了一种合理快速和简单的方法来评估微生物群落的分解代谢多样性，而无需从土壤中提取或培养生物体。(C)1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.
A physiological method to assess the catabolic diversity of soil :microbial communities was developed and applied. The method utilises differences between the substrate induced respiration (SIR) : responses of microbial communities to simple organic compounds to quantify catabolic diversity. The investigation was conducted in three stages: (1) selection of suitable substrate concentrations; (2) selection of substrates; and (3) application of the method to assess the catabolic diversity that had developed in soils over long and short periods. The concentrations of substrates giving optimal respiration response over 4 h were determined in four soils (three pasture and one forest) using 12 substrates selected from a range of amino acids, carboxylic acids, polymers and carbohydrates. Maximum SIR response could be obtained generally over a two-fold range of concentrations for most substrates. These results were used to select substrate concentrations for testing the SIR responses of five soils (three pasture, one arable, one forest) to 83 simple sugars, carboxylic acids, amino acids, polymers, amines and amides. Principal components analysis (PCA) and calculation of the standard error of individual substrate responses across soils were used to identify the 36 substrates providing the greatest differences in SIR responses between the five soils. SIR response profiles were determined using 36 substrates in soils under different management (grass pasture, reseeded grass pasture, 2-y pasture ley, arable) and in glucose-amended soil over 3 wk. Analyses revealed that differences in SIR responses between substrates gradually declined with increasing soil disturbance from pasture to arable soils. There were only small changes in catabolic diversity of the arable soil amended with glucose, despite a 1.35-ford increase in microbial biomass C during the first 7 d. The physiological technique provided a reasonably rapid and simple method to assess the catabolic diversity of microbial communities without extracting or culturing organisms from soils. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.