PERSONAL STRIVINGS - AN APPROACH TO PERSONALITY AND SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING
PERSONAL STRIVINGS - AN APPROACH TO PERSONALITY AND SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING
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DOI：
10.1037/0022-3514.51.5.1058
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发表时间：
1986-11-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
EMMONS, RA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
EMMONS, RA
个人奋斗是指个人试图通过日常行为实现的目标的特征类型。这项研究考察了这些个人目标奋斗的特征（例如，重要性、过去的成就、努力）与主观幸福感的组成部分（积极和消极的情感以及生活满意度）之间的关系。受试者列出了他们的个人奋斗目标，并在一系列维度上对每项奋斗目标进行了评分。受试者还在 3 周内使用体验采样方法 84 次记录他们的情绪和想法。研究发现，积极情绪与奋斗价值和过去的成就感最为密切相关，而消极情绪则与未来成功的可能性较低、奋斗的矛盾心理以及奋斗之间的冲突相关。争取重要性和工具性（低冲突）是生活满意度的最强预测因素。讨论了努力实现与积极情感之间以及努力冲突与消极情感之间联系的可能解释。结论是，个人奋斗的概念是理解主观幸福感个体差异的有用启发式工具。此外，该概念被推广为传统人格特质方法的替代方案。
Personal strivings refer to the characteristic types of goals that individuals try to achieve through their everyday behavior. This study examined relations between characteristics of these personal goal strivings (eg, importance, past attainment, effort) and components of subjective well-being (positive and negative affect and life satisfaction). Subjects generated lists of their personal strivings and rated each striving on a series of dimensions. Subjects also recorded their moods and thoughts by use of an experience-sampling method on 84 occasions over a 3-week period. Positive affect was found to be most strongly related to striving value and past fulfillment, whereas negative affect was associated with low probability of future success, striving ambivalence, and between-striving conflict. Striving importance and instrumentality (low conflict) were the strongest predictors of life satisfaction. Possible explanations for the connections between striving fulfillment and positive affect and between striving conflict and negative affect are discussed. It is concluded that the concept of personal striving is a useful heuristic device for understanding individual differences in subjective well-being. In addition, the concept is promoted as an alternative to the traditional trait approach to personality.