Defining and delivering resilient ecological networks: Nature conservation in England
Defining and delivering resilient ecological networks: Nature conservation in England
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DOI：
10.1111/1365-2664.13196
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发表时间：
2018-11-01
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Mace, Georgina M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Isaac, Nick J. B.;Brotherton, Peter N. M.;Mace, Georgina M.
1.自然保育规划越来越强调复原力和空间网络的概念。虽然栖息地网络对单个物种的重要性是明确的，但它们对长期生态弹性和多物种保护战略的意义还不是很明确。参考空间网络理论，我们描述了定义和评估支持物种对多种形式的扰动和压力的适应能力的野生动植物区域网络的概念基础。我们基于生态学原则，参照Lawton Etal撰写的颇具影响力的《为自然创造空间》报告中制定的四项干预空间网络的成熟战略(“更好、更大、更多和更多”)，探讨了可以在一系列尺度上增强网络复原力的行动。(2010).3.将现有理论构建成适用于大量物种的可用和可扩展的方法具有挑战性，但很容易处理。我们阐述了政策背景，描述了长期适应性管理计划的要素，并以英格兰为例提供了早期实施的范例行动、衡量标准和目标，其中有机会将大规模生态规划纳入新启动的25年环境计划。政策含义。弹性生态网络的概念吸引了科学和政治上的支持，但对于弹性网络应该是什么样子，或者如何评估它，还没有达成共识。因此，尚不清楚现有的行动目标是否足以实现网络复原力。我们表明，将复原力和网络理论置于大规模和长期环境规划的核心的科学原则已经确立，并准备在实践中实施。提供一个有弹性的网络以支持自然恢复是可以实现的，并可以通过评估其对整个网络的属性的有效性，与正在进行的保护行动和目标相结合。英格兰的25年环境计划承诺为未来提供一个受到保护和改善的自然环境，因此提供了理想的试验田。
1. Planning for nature conservation has increasingly emphasised the concepts of resilience and spatial networks. Although the importance of habitat networks for individual species is clear, their significance for long-term ecological resilience and multi-species conservation strategies is less established.2. Referencing spatial network theory, we describe the conceptual basis for defining and assessing a network of wildlife areas that supports species' resilience to multiple forms of perturbations and pressures. We explore actions that could enhance network resilience at a range of scales, based on ecological principles, with reference to four well-established strategies for intervention in a spatial network ("Better, Bigger, More and Joined") from the influential Making Space for Nature report by Lawton etal. (2010).3. Building existing theory into useable and scalable approaches applicable to large numbers of species is challenging but tractable. We illustrate the policy context, describe the elements of a long-term adaptive management plan and provide example actions, metrics and targets for early implementation using England as a case study, where there is an opportunity to include large-scale ecological planning in a newly launched 25-year environment plan.4. Policy implications. The concept of resilient ecological networks has attracted scientific and political support, but there is no consensus on what a resilient network would look like, or how to assess it. Therefore, it is unclear whether existing targets for action will be sufficient to achieve network resilience. We show that the scientific principles to place resilience and network theory at the heart of large-scale and long-term environmental planning are established and ready to implement in practice. Delivering a resilient network to support nature recovery is achievable and can be integrated with ongoing conservation actions and targets, by assessing their effectiveness on properties of the entire network. England's 25 Year Environment Plan promises to deliver a natural environment that is protected and enhanced for the future and so provides the ideal testbed.