Physiological responses to food intake throughout the day.
Physiological responses to food intake throughout the day.
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DOI：
10.1017/s0954422414000055
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发表时间：
2014-06
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Johnston, Jonathan D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Johnston, Jonathan D.
昼夜节律可以优化我们生物学的许多方面，从而确保生理过程在最合适的时间发生。昼夜节律紊乱、发病率和疾病病理学之间的密切关联证明了这种时间控制的重要性。现在有大量证据将昼夜节律计时系统与代谢生理学和营养联系起来。这些过程之间的关系通常是相互的，因此昼夜节律系统驱动代谢途径的时间变化，而代谢/营养状态的变化改变昼夜节律的核心分子组成部分。代谢节律的例子包括葡萄糖稳态、胰岛素敏感性和餐后反应的每日变化。一天中的时间会改变单餐后的脂质和血糖分布，而在较长的时间范围内，进餐时间会调节肥胖和体重；这些变化可能是通过定时喂养的能力来同步代谢活跃组织中的局部昼夜节律而发生的。该研究领域的大部分工作都利用了动物和细胞模型系统。尽管这些研究信息丰富且有说服力，但将基本生物数据转化为人类的需求在很大程度上尚未得到满足。此类转化研究的结果可能为使用定时饮食控制来帮助恢复昼夜节律同步和下游生理机能开辟了可能性。鉴于大量人由于轮班工作、时差、睡眠障碍和失明等原因而导致节律紊乱，这种饮食控制可以广泛改善健康和经济绩效。
Circadian rhythms act to optimise many aspects of our biology and thereby ensure that physiological processes are occurring at the most appropriate time. The importance of this temporal control is demonstrated by the strong associations between circadian disruption, morbidity and disease pathology. There is now a wealth of evidence linking the circadian timing system to metabolic physiology and nutrition. Relationships between these processes are often reciprocal, such that the circadian system drives temporal changes in metabolic pathways and changes in metabolic/nutritional status alter core molecular components of circadian rhythms. Examples of metabolic rhythms include daily changes in glucose homeostasis, insulin sensitivity and postprandial response. Time of day alters lipid and glucose profiles following individual meals whereas, over a longer time scale, meal timing regulates adiposity and body weight; these changes may occur via the ability of timed feeding to synchronise local circadian rhythms in metabolically active tissues. Much of the work in this research field has utilised animal and cellular model systems. Although these studies are highly informative and persuasive, there is a largely unmet need to translate basic biological data to humans. The results of such translational studies may open up possibilities for using timed dietary manipulations to help restore circadian synchrony and downstream physiology. Given the large number of individuals with disrupted rhythms due to, for example, shift work, jet-lag, sleep disorders and blindness, such dietary manipulations could provide widespread improvements in health and also economic performance.